Thanatology: Psychology And Counseling

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ACUTE GRIEF

Back 1

The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as
the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant.

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ADAPTATION

Back 2

The individual's ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional
changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other.

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AFFECT

Back 3

Is the feelings and their expression.

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ALARM

Back 4

Is defined as fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger
created by the impact of the shock.

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A.I.D.S.

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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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ALIENATION

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The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable.

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ALTERNATIVES

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Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as
families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis.

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ANGER

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Is blame directed toward another person.

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ANOMIC GRIEF

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Is a term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young
bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of
disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead.

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ANTICIPATORY GRIEF

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Syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of
knowledge of a life-limiting condition.

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ANXIETY

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A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something
undesirable is going to happen.

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AT-NEED COUNSELING

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A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice.

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ATTACHMENT THEORY (BOWLBY)

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It is the tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety.

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ATTENDING (LISTENING)

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Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior.

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BEREAVEMENT

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The experience of the emotion of grief.

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CEREMONY

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A formal act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content.

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CLIENT-CENTERED (NON-DIRECTIVE; ROGERIAN; PERSON-CENTERED) COUNSELING

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A phrase coined by Carl Rogers to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the
client and the natural capacity for growth and health.

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COMMITTAL SERVICE

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The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment or burial at sea.

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COMMUNICATION

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A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non- verbal aspects of this interchange.

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COMPLICATED (UNRESOLVED, CHRONIC) GRIEF

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Grief extending over a long
period of time without resolution.

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CONGRUENCE

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According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a
counselor being in touch with reality and with other’s perception of one-self.

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COUNSELEE

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The individual seeking assistance or guidance.

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COUNSELING (WEBSTER)

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Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation.

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COUNSELING (JACKSON)

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Any time someone helps someone else with a problem.

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COUNSELING (ROGERS)

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Good communication within and between men; or, good
(free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic.

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COUNSELING (OHLSEN)

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A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. Do not confuse this with psychotherapy which is treatment for emotionally disturbed persons, who seek, or are referred for assistance with
pathological problems. A counselor’s clients are encouraged to see assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or chacterological disorders.

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COUNSELOR

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The individual providing assistance and guidance.

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CRISIS

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A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of
anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act.

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CRISIS COUNSELING

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Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation.

Front 30

DEATH ANXIETY

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A learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon
which is characterized by extreme apprehension.

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DELAYED GRIEF REACTION

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Inhibited, suppressed or postponed response to a loss.

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DENIAL

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The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see
things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self.

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DIRECTIVE COUNSELING

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Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc.

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DISPLACED AGGRESSION

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A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who caused the anger originally.

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DYAD

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Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife.

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EMOTIONS

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Feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, created by brain patterns
accompanied by bodily changes.

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EMPATHY

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The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others.

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EUTHANASIA (RIGHT TO DIE)

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An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition.

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EXAGGERATED GRIEF (WORDEN)

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Persons are usually conscious of the
relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling.

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FACILITATE

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To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the
individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary.

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FEAR

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Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread and disquieting.

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FOCUSING

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Centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a
problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem.

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FUNERAL RITE

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An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time-limited
response to death which reflects reverence, dignity and respect.

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FUNERAL SERVICE PSYCHOLOGY

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The study of human behavior as related to funeral service.

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FRUSTRATION

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The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted;
the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle

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GENUINENESS

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The ability to present one's self sincerely.

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GOAL

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Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be achieved.

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GRIEF

Back 48

An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss.

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GRIEF COUNSELING

Back 49

Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy
completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame.

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GRIEF SYNDROME (LINDEMANN

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A set of symptoms associated with loss.

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GRIEF THERAPY (WORDEN

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Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions.

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GRIEFWORK (LINDEMANN)

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A process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment.

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GUIDANCE

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Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking
an alternative adjustment to problems.

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GUILT

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Blame directed toward one's self based on real or unreal conditions.

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HOMICIDE

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The killing of one human being by another.

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HOSPICE

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Historically, an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition.

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ILLUSTRATING

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Detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected.

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INFORMATIONAL COUNSELING

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Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee.

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MASKED GRIEF

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Occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors which
cause them difficulty but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss.

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MITIGATION

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Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief.

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MOURNING

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An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved.

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NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

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That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbally.

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OPTION

Back 63

Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the
counselee's problem.

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PANIC

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A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear.

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PARAPHRASING

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Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes a shortened form.

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POSITIVE REGARD

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According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, and for what he or she is without imposing judgements or
stipulations.

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POST-FUNERAL COUNSELING

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Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral.

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PRE-NEED COUNSELING

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That counseling which occurs before a death.

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PSYCHOLOGY

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The study of human behavior.

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PSYCHOTHERAPY (JACKSON)

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Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness.

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RAPPORT

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A relation of harmony, conformity, accord or affinity established in any
human interaction.

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REGRESSION

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A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and
often more primitive modes of coping.

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RESISTANCE

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An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy or self-esteem.

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RESPECT (WOLFELT)

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The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions.

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RESTITUTION

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According to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual
attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to restitution.

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RITUAL

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Any act that is charged with symbolic content.

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SEARCHING

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Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased.

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SHAME

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The assumption of blame directed toward one's self by others.

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SHOCK

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The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a
sudden, violent and upsetting disturbance.

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SITUATIONAL COUNSELING

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Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of counseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises.

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SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (S.I.D.S. or CRIB DEATH)

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The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death.

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SUICIDE

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A deliberate act of self-destruction.

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SUICIDAL GESTURE

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An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life.

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SUICIDAL IDEATION

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Thoughts of ending one's life.

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SUMMARY

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A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session.

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SUPPRESSION

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A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns.

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SURVIVOR GUILT

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Guilt felt by the survivors.

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SYMPATHY

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Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss.

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THANATOLOGY

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The study of death.

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THANATOPHOBIA

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An irrational, exaggerated fear of death.

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THREAT

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A statement or action designed or perceived to create anxiety in an
individual's life.

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VERBAL COMMUNICATION

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Spoken, oral communication.

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WARMTH AND CARING (WOLFELT)

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The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors.