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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the extremists during the early stages of the Reformation that Luther and his followers had to contend with?
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Andreas Bodenstein von Carlstadt was one of Luther's brothers at Wittenberg who felt Luther had not gone far enough. He took advantage of Luther's exile to radicalize reformation in Whittenberg.
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What did prophets claim about the Bible
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Prophets claimed that the Bible was not necessary since they had the spirit.
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Who was Thomas Muntzer
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He was a man who was influenced by Luther who took luther's views farther than luther intended.
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What were some radical reformers?
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SOME were political revolutionaties but others were NOT.
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Where did the Anabaptist movement start and why?
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It began in Zurich by some who thought that Zwingli was too moderate and cautious in theology and policies.
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What did the early anabaptists believe?
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THey believe the New Testament required Christians to go further than Zwingli was willing to go. They thought reformation should purify not only theology but also the actual Christians especially in social and political relationships. This meant the Church should not be supported by state by tithes, taxes, nor by the use of the sword/ Christianity was about individual conviction.
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What did early anabaptists believe in regards to Church and state?
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the Church should not be supported by state by tithes, taxes, nor by the use of the sword/ Christianity was about individual conviction.
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What did early anabaptists believe about baptism and why?
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They believed Christianity was a matter of personal conviction.so infants should not be baptized because they cannot make such decisions.
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When was the momentous step taken and by whom? What was the momentous step for early anabaptists?
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TAken Jan 21, 1525 by George Blaurock. He asked another bretheren Conrad Grebel to paptize him. Once baptized he began baptizing other members of the community. As all these people, being porn in Christian homes, had been baptized, the opponents of the movement called them anabaptists which means rebaptizers.
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What did the Anabaptists believe in regards to rebaptism?
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They didn't believe they were rebaptizing. They were administering the only valid form of baptism.
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What was the problem with rebaptizing?
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The problem was that the laws of Theodosius and Justinian had decreed the death penalty for any who practiced rebaptism. Hundreds were killed.
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Hans Denck
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Influenced by Lyther and Rhineland mystics. Follower of Thomas Muntzer. Got a deep concern for social justice.
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Camilo Renato
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Denied infant baptism, Trinity, and immorality of the soul.
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Conrad Grebel
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Early anabaptist reform leader. BElieved in a total restoration of New Testament Christianity. Not only in issues of theology but also in matters of liturgy and government.HE said that singing in the CHurch had no basis in the New Testament so it was rejected.
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How did the Early Anabaptists think Church should be?
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They thought in the New Testament the Church is a comunity gathered from the world at large, very different from it, consisting only of those who have personally decided to be incorporated into the body of Christ.
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What requirements did the early anabaptists have for joining the CHurch
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All you had to do to join the Church was to repent of sins and die to them, hold fast to Christ, and lead a new life.
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What role did the early Church think the state should play in regards to the Church?
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They said the community is to receive no support from the world mand the ministers are chosen by Church not state. The state they believed dealth with outer worldly matters, and could not be allowed to attempt to rule over spiritual matters. On the contrary the believers must be willing to be a suffering community.
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What did early anabaptists believe in regards to predestination?
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They believed that what leads a person to faith is NOT predestination. The doctrine of predestination is an abomination and a way to excuse us and blame God for all our sin. It is our will that is in rebellion against God, that creates evil. Sin consists in seeking oneself in not yielding to GOd.
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What is the beginning of faith for anabaptists?
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The begining of faith is in hearing the word. This must follow conversion where we turn away from self will and yield to God. In conversion all sins are washed away and the convert enters into a new life. This doesn't mean we are free from sin but we have the power to resist it. IF we claim conversion and lack this power our faith is not true and we can be banned from the fellowship of believers.
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For anabaptists what happens in conversion
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This must follow conversion where we turn away from self will and yield to God. In conversion all sins are washed away and the convert enters into a new life. This doesn't mean we are free from sin but we have the power to resist it. IF we claim conversion and lack this power our faith is not true and we can be banned from the fellowship of believers.
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What did Anabaptists believe about Church ceremony?
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They believed ceremonies must be simple, adhere strictly to the practice of the New Testament. No singing. The central act was reading the Word and exposition.
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WHat did early anabaptists believe about baptism?
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They thought baptism was a symbol of conversion and washing of sin that was only to be administered to adult believers. Later on to keep with New Testament they baptized by immersion.
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What did early anabaptists believe in regards to the Lord's Supper?
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The Lord's supper was administered in small groups and symbolism was connected to fellowship that binds Christians among themselves and Christ. Unworthy weren'nt allowed to participate.
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What did the laws condemning rebaptism lead to?
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A long list of martyrs
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What was a consequence of the persecution anabaptists facted?
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Further division within the movement was caused. DEvelopment of a more radical position developed. FRom the beginning some believed they should possess everything in common. Others held opposite views. Radical views came to the foreground.
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What was the center of Anabaptist movement?
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Strasbourg
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Melchior Hoffman
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ANabaptist reformer who held Christ's flesh to have come down from HEaven. His preaching became increasingly apocalyptic and he began claiming revelations of an impending end, when Christ would return and establish his kingdom in a new Jerusalem.
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What did Melchior Hoffman predict?
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HE predicted that there would be a new jerusalem. He predicted he would be imprisioned for 6 months and then they would become the new jerusalem. He was imprisioned and his congregation increased. But after 6 months nothing changed so people began reinterpreting what he had said.
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John Mathys and John of Leiden
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They preached to the masses of the city that the Radical Anabaptists overthrew. Anabaptist burned and destroyed all the manuscripts, works of art, and other reminders of the traditional faith, and then went on to expel from the city all the Godless meaning catholics and moderate protestants.
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What decree did John Matthysand John of Leiden decree and why?
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The female population was much greater than the mail so John of Leiden appealing to the authority of the patriarchs in the Old Testament, decreed that polygamy was to be practiced and that everywomen in town was to be joined to htem.
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Later Anabaptist developments
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The New Jersualem fell and was a death blow for revolutionary Anabaptists. It was a symbol and a hope for many of the day the Lord would come and the high would be put down and lowly raised up. But after the fall and humiliation of the King the more moderate anabaptists came to power.
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Menno Simons
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CAtholic priest who decided to join Anabaptists during the late movement. HE had no use for the violence. MEnnonite pacifism is not simply a peripheral characteristic of the movement, but rather belongs to the very essence of Mennonite understanding of the gospel.
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What work did Menno Simmons write and why?
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Foundation of Christian Doctrine. This was a work in the tone of early apologies whcih states as its purpose that they must show distinction from what God wanted such as sword, polygamy, and an external kingdom and king so they were forced to publish the book.
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What did Menno teach?
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HE taught separation from the world whose spirit, doctrine, word, sacrament, worship, and conduct are quite diverse from Christ's Spirit, word sacrament, worship, and example. The True Church is fellowship of faithful. Those who don't believe should be banned and shunned which was to serve as a loving call to redemption.
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On what points was Menno accused of departing from regular theology?
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1. On the trinity
2. incarnation |
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What did Menno teach in regards to the trinity?
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He avoided using the term trinity because he desired to only use scriptural language. Wrote book entitled Confession of the Triune God which affirms traditional Trinitarian doctrine.
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What did Menno teach in regards to incarnation?
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HE departed from orthodox doctrine by asserting that the flesh of Christ descended from heaven and that Mary contributed no more than the nourishment of the flesh.
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What were spiritualists and rationalists?
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Most of these people had strong mystical tendencies and they tended to be more concerned with the spirigual life of the individual than with reformation of Church at large. Many felt inspiration of Spriti was above Scripture, some claimed the written Word was to be set aside in favor of the Word that God speaks directy to the human spirit.
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Caspar Schwenckfeld
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Proposed what he thought was middle ground between CAtholic and Lutherans but in reality both would reject. He said dichotomy between inner and outter, spirit and material. Spirit is free to act and is bound neither by Church nor scripture. What is important is not to study scripture but to receive inspiration by scripture. Inner and outer church which don't concide in any way and participation in the outer church does not warrant salvation. The leements of the sacraments cannot be in any way spiritual because they are material. The most they can do is to direct the outer person to Christ.
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What is the problem with Casper Schweckfeld's teachings?
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The connection between material and spiritual in the SUpper is not spelled out. When dealing with the incarnation he did not say that the flesh of Christ came from Hevan but he insisted that it wsn't created which lead him into involved theological arguments and distinctions that were never acceptedby opponents who accused him on Monophysism and similar heresies.
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Sebastian Franck
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Influenced by Erasmus agreed with Schwenkfeld but said written word of the Bible now became a mysterious and unclear manifestation of the eternal word. God is constantly revealed. In each of them there is a spark of the divine and it is to this that spiritual reality addresses itself. Early Church needed sacraments because it was spiritually immature and mature spirituality requires no external means.
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Juan de Valdes
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Sought communion with God through meditation. His main concern was inner piety, his conflicts with the established hierarchical authorities were always relatively mild. His teachings took anti=trinitarian turn.
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George Fox
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Founder of quaker movement. Never trained in theology. Earnest spiritual quest which he discovered inner light living in believer. To him spiritually eating and drinking of the body and blood of Christ were of far greater significance than the actual eating and drinking of bread and wine in communion. Which in fact could be an obstacle to true communion. Didn't let emphasis of inner light move him from need for Christian fellowship or the need to seek social justice.
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Michael Servetus and FAustus Socinus
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Anti-trinitarianism came to foreground. Servetus was man of profound religios conviction. Felt tinitary was unsound. REjected the TRinity and eternal generation of the Son as rationally untenable and as not to be found in Scripture. Burned as a heretic. Faustus Socinus was one of the most influential anti-Trinitarian theologians he set down his teachings in Racovian Catechism. Was one of several formative influences in birth of Unitarian theology.
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