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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibacterial/ antimicrobial Fibers
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protect textiles from mildew and microbial growth, odor and fiber damage
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Antistatic Fibers
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incorporates anti-static compound, which absorbs moisture and conducts electricity
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Bicompotent- bigeneric fiber
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If the 2 components in the bicomponent fiber represent 2 different generic classes
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Bicompotent fiber
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consists of 2 polymers that are chemically or physically different, or both. Extruded from same spinneret & contained in same filament
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Binder Staple
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semidull, crimped fiber w/ low melting point- bonds easily to other fibers when heated
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Bright Fibers
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fiber in original luster without delusterant
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Cross-dyeable/ dye-affinity fibers
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incorporated dye-accepting chemicals into the molecular structure
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Deluster
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putting white pigment (titanium dioxide) in the spinning solution before extrusion for dullness
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Extrusion
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process of forcing dope or spinning solution through spinneret
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Fiber additives
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compounds added to manufactured fiber dope to improve appearance or performance
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Fiber Modification
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changes in the parent manufactured fiber to improve performance in end use.
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Fiber spinning
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Process of producing a manufactured fiber from a solution
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Filament Fiber
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spun from spinnerets with 350 holes or less
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Filament Tow
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-Intermediate stage
- staple man. fibers -first produced in large bundles in filament length and crimped -then cut into staple length |
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Filament Yarn
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Yarn made from filament fibers; smooth or bulky
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Flame-resistant fibers
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better protection than flame- retardant finishes on fabric surfaces
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Generic Name
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family of man. or synt. fibers that have similar chemical composition
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High-Tenacity Fibers
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fibers modified in spinning process to increase fiber strength
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Low- elongation
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used in blends with weaker fibers to increase strength and abrasion resistance
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Fiber modifications
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1) Change size & shape of spinneret
2) change fiber molecular structure and crystallinity-increase durability 3) add compounds to dope to enhance performance 4)Alter spinning process 5) Combine 2 polymers in a single fiber or yarn |
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Low-pilling fibers
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engineered to have lower flex life - decreases pill formation
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Manufactured fibers
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-from chemical compounds
-72% of US textiles -continuous production -uniform quality -can be manipulated * cost and quantity efficiency |
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Microdenier
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a fiber less than 1.0 denier per filament
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Mixed-denier filament bundling
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combines fibers of several denier sizes
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Parent fiber
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the simplest form of a fiber that has not been modified in any way
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Shin-gosen
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-ultrafine fiber (often polyester)
- modified cross sections -occaisional irregularities - produced in Japan |
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Solution dyeing/ mass pigmentation
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addition of color to solutions before extrusion
-permanant -even color, doesn't fade -color cannot be changed - for fibers difficult to dye -COLORFASTNESS |
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Spinneret
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thimblelike nozzle where solution is extruded to form a fiber
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Spinning solution or dope
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chemical solution extruded as a fiber
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Sunlight resistance
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finish applied to minimize degradative effects of sunlight
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Thick-and-thin fibers
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vary in diameter throughout their length
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Trade name
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used to identify a company's products
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Trilobal Shape
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3 sided fiber cross sectional shape designed to imitate silk
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Ultrafine fiber
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fiber less than 0.3 denier per filament
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Whiteners or brighteners
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optical bleach that reflects bluelight from the fabric & masks yellowing and dirt
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Multicellular Fibers
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imitate air cells inanimal hair & provides insulation and bouyancy in water
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Generic Group
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fibers with similar chemical composition
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Acetate
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-2nd man. fiber, 1st THERMOPL
-line garments, dry spinning -good drape, soft, smooth -weaker when wet - cheap -thermoplastic, LUSTER -poor absorbancy - heat wrinkles -soluble in acetone |
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Acetone Test
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Solubility test used to identify acetate
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Azlon
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-formed from regenerated proteins
- Soysilk- waste from tofu production |
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Bamboo
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-from China
-soft hand -naturally antibacterial |
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Fume or Pollution Fading
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-color- retention problem
-Colors altered when exposed to gasses, fumes and other atmospheric pollutants |
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Heat-sensitive fiber
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The ability to soften, melt, or shrink when subjected to heat
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High- Wet- Modulus rayon/ HWM/ High performance
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- like cotton
- stronger, more dimensional stability - machine washable -"polynosic" |
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Lyocell
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-Eucalyptus tree
-Solvent spun - like cotton but cheaper -softer and stronger -activewear - no LUSTER! -good wrinkle recovery -TENCEL |
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Manufactured regenerated fiber
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produced in fiber form from naturally occuring polymers
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Rayon
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-1st manufactured fiber
-wet spinning, dry clean -low strength, poor stability -viscose has striations -lobed, popcorn shape - weaker when wet -hydrophillic/ good absorban. - good dyeability -good wrinkle resistance |
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Striations
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-lengthwise lines caused by loss of solvent during coagulation
- interior of fiber shrinks causing lines |
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Thermoplastic Fiber
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Fibers that melt or glaze at low temperatures
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Triacetate
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- No longer produced in US- solvent banned by EPA
-cellulose acetate forms substance - not less than 92% |
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Wet Spinning
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- form a soluble derivative
-extrude it - solidify it in a chemical bath becomes 100% cellulose solid - changes fiber's cross section *hard to control |
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Regenerated Cellulosic fibers
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produced from cotton linters and wood chips
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Cellulosic
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Acetate
Rayon Lyocell Triacetate |
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Protein
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Azions
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Fibrilation
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-Lyocell
- Tendancy to pill |
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Generic name for solvent spun rayon
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Lyocell
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Solvent Spinning
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1) dissolve wood pulp in hot amine oxide
2)gel spin 3)recover all amine oxide for reuse |
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Acetate makes
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- taffettas and satins
-dyed with disperse dyes -has striation lines |
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Acetate Most used for
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-apparel lining
-not good for children -draperies & upholstery -cigarrette filters |
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Expensiveness
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Lyocell
Rayon Acetate - CHEAPEST |
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Uses of Lyocell
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Activewear
Underwear * good in hot weather & for skin |
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definition of man. fiber
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a fiber derived by a process of manufacture from a substance that at any point in the process is not a fiber
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Kinds of Regenerated Fibers
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Cellulosic/ derivative cell.
Protein Mineral |
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Kinds of Synthetic Fibers
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Cellulosic
Protein Synthetic Rubber Mineral |
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Synthetic Fibers
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Fibers converted from synthesized materials such as plastic chips
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Generic Names
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-based on fiber industry
-Approved by Fed. Trade Commission -Acetate, Acrylic, Nylon, etc |
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Trade Names
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- Companie's names for fibers
- for generic fibers ex: SUPPLEX nylon |
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Sheath
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Core fiber
- one polymer forms a core and the other surrounds it as a sheath |
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3 Steps of spinning
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Spinning Solution
Extrusion Solidifying |
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Spinning
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process of converting materials into fibers
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Spinning solution
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raw materials made into thick solution
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Solidifying
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solidifying of spinneret fiber by coagulation (cooling)
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3 most common spinning methods
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wet
dry melt |
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Velvet
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-Rayon
-cheaper -filament yarns -synthetic |
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Velveteen
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-Cotton
-spun yarns -natural |
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Melt Spinning
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-melt chips
-extrude - solidify solution by cooling it -least expensive -easy to manipulate shape and size from spinneret |
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Dry spinning
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- dissolve in solvent
- extrude - solidify by drying in warm air -used for easily soluble solvent |
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Polymer properties
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molecular structure, molecular arrangement, additives
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Physical structure
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shape, size, color, luster
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mechanical crimping improves
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- cover and loft- bulky knits
- stretch and recovery-sptsw - coesiveness |
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Types of Spinneret shapes
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round
triangle hollow thick-and-thin flat |
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Most common spinneret
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Round
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Triangular spinneret
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-improves luster
- silky - lobes hide dirt |
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Coarse Fibers
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carpets, tires
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Fine and Average size
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apparel and home furnishings
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Microdenier fibers are
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-expensive
-soft, flexible materials |
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Additives
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introduced before extrusion to improve fiber performance
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Types of Additives
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delustering
solution dyeing whiteners cross dyeable sunlight resistance flame resistance |
