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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cottage industry
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An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, carried on by family members. It is not factory-based
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Industrialization
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The process of organizing the production of goods for sale, especially in a factory or in a special area setting.
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Tariff/Duty
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A schedule of fees imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. In the U.S., export tariffs are unconstitutional.
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Export Goods
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that are sent or transported oversees for sale or trade.
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Import
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Goods brought in from a foreign country for sale or trade.
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Representative
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governmentGovernment where people elect others to speak and act on their behalf.
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Ratify
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To officially approve.
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Veto
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Power of the President to reject a bill passed by Congress.
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Nullify
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To declare something to be without power or effect; to disregard the power of something.
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Unalienable rights
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Rights that cannot be taken away or surrendered.
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Suffrage
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The right to vote and the exercise of that right.
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Parliament
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The law-making assembly in Great Britain (England) and other parliamentary democracies.
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Bias
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Slanted coverage or one-sided information about an event; prejudiced information.
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Popular sovereignty
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The idea that the power of government rests with the people who express their ideas through voting; popular sovereignty was used before the Civil War to allow voters in a new territory to decide whether to allow slavery.
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Federalism
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The idea that power is divided by the Constitution between the federal (central or national) government and the state governments. The Constitution, treaties, and federal laws are the supreme law of the land. Some powers are delegated to the federal government, others are reserved for state governments, and other powers are concurrent (shared) by both state and national government.
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Checks and Balances
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The idea that abuse of power is controlled by the three branches of government watching each other and having the power to approve or disapprove certain actions of the other branches.
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Alliteration
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The repeating of consonant sounds in nursery rhymes and other text-sources. An example is: Happy Hattie has a hat.
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Balanced Approach to Reading
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The instructional usage of different strategies to teach reading, such as phonemic awareness, basal readers, and language experience.
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Basal Reader
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A collection of literary stories and poems that match the instructional level of students (often the book series adopted by the school for reading).
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Cognition
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Refers to thinking; gaining concepts, ideas, and other language components.
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Comprehension
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Understanding the meaning of spoken language and written language often through the use of a taxonomy such as Bloom's.
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Drop Everything and Read (DEAR)
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An identified period of independent silent reading experienced by all learners, including the teacher.
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Sustained Silent Reading (SSR)
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A type of independent silent reading.
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Fluency
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The ability to read text-sources with speed, accuracy, voice expression, and adequate comprehension.
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Invented Spelling
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Young students write words the way the words sound. An example would be a first grade student spelling was as “wuz” and kitty as “kti”.
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Phonics
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Using letters and the sounds of letters to pronounce a word.
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Predictable Books Books
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that allow the reader to predict text meaning from pictures and frequency of word patterns used in the text.
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Semantics
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Acquiring the literal or inferential meaning of text-sources.
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Sight Words
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Words used very often that students can pronounce instantly on sight without using other decoding strategies (examples are: the, them, mom, when, etc.).
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Story Map
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A graphic representation of the various elements presented in narrative text-sources.
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Thematic Units
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Instructionally generated learning activities that center on an umbrella topic of interest (pumpkins, bats, apples, butterflies, etc.) with a variety of content areas brought to relate to that topic.
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Top-down/Bottom-up Model Top-down model
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suggests that the learner predicts meaning of a word and then identifies a word; the bottom-up model suggests that the learner first identifies a word then considers the meaning of the word.
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Whole Language
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An instructional philosophy of teaching and learning that teachers use to incorporate a more natural approach to assist students in gaining literacy skills (students learn through experiences, integration of various contents, etc.).
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Congruent Figures
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Two figures are congruent if they have the same shape and size.
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Equality
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Term used to denote whether two numerical values are the same
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Line of Symmetry
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A figure has a line of symmetry if it is possible to fold the figure over a line drawn on its interior in such a way that half of the figure folds exactly onto the other half.
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Symmetric Figure
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A figure that can be folded flat along a line so that the two halves match perfectly is a symmetric figure; such a line is called a line of symmetry.
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Perimeter
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of a polygon is the sum of the lengths of all its sides.
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Circumference
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is the distance around a circle. Circumference is used with closed curves like circles and ellipses, while perimeter is used for polygons and other figures. This distance is equal to Pi times the diameter of the circle. Pi is a number that is approximately 3.14159.
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Regular Polygon
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A polygon that has all sides and all angles equal.
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Point of Symmetry
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A figure has a point of symmetry if there exists a point on the figure itself so that you can rotate the figure about that point and the figure coincides with itself.
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Polygon
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is a closed figure made by joining line segments, where each line segment intersects exactly two others.
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Rational Numbers
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Are numbers of the form a/b, where a and b are integers and with b nonzero. For example, -3/4,1/2,21/5 are rational numbers. A rational number has a decimal form that either terminates or involves a pattern that repeats itself. Those that are not rational are irrational.1/4 = 0.25 terminates (rational)1/3 = 0.33333... 3 repeated (rational) 8/11 = 0.727272.. 72 repeated (rational) pi = 3.14159265 no repeating pattern (irrational)
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Prime Number
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if it is divisible only by 1 and itself. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17, for example, are prime numbers.
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Composite Number
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number:6 15 26 Factors:1,2,3,6 1,3,5,15 1,2,13,26
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Integers
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Are the numbers..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,.... These are the natural numbers together with their negative and zeros.
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Natural Numbers
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Are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...; they are used for counting.
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Representation
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The way mathematical information is presented (written, symbolic or graphical).
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Probability
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The chance that an event will occur ( probabilities will be a value between 0 and 1).
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Odds
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The ratio of the probalility that an event will occur to the probability that it will not occur.
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Percent
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is a ratio that compares a number to 100. You can write a percent with the percent symbol or as a fraction or decimal. For example, you can write 40% as 40/100 or as .40.
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Transformation
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A term that applies to moving geometric figures in such a way that they keep their congruency; three types of transformations are: slide, flip and rotate.
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Earth's atmosphere
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Listed from earth up: (1) troposphere(2) stratosphere(3) mesosphere(4) ionosphere(5) thermosphere
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Water cycle
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(1)cooling causes precipitation (rain, sleet, snow, hail) to fall (2)water collects in lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, etc.(3)evaporation due to heat
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Planets of the solar system
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Here's a way to help you remember the order of the planets: My very elegant mother just served us nine pizzas.
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Sections of the earth
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Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust.
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Three types of rocks
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Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
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