Test3-Perineum

Front 1

what is the anatomical perineum?

Back 1

defined as the entire outlet of the pelvis; rhomobid shaped region inferior the pelvic diaphragm

Front 2

what is the clinical perineum?

Back 2

unlike anatomical perineum, the term is more restricted to the region between the scrotum and anus in the male or the vulva and the anus in the female .

Front 3

anterior triangle of anatomical perineum also known as

Back 3

urogenital triangle

Front 4

posterior triangle of anatomical perineum also known as

Back 4

anal triangle

Front 5

are the anterior and posterior triangles in the same plane?

Back 5

No

Front 6

urogenital triangle and anal triangle orientation?

Back 6

urogenital- horizontally
anal- more posteriorly

Front 7

in the region of the urogenital triangle region, pelvic diaphragm has what type of opening and what is it called?

Back 7

a u-shaped opening, called the urogenital hiatus

Front 8

urogenital hiatus allows passage of what in male vs female?

Back 8

male-urethra
female-urethra and vagina

Front 9

perineal membrane spans the

Back 9

urogenital triangle

Front 10

perineal membrane is

Back 10

Thick, fascial membrane attached to the bones of the pubic arch.

Front 11

in anatomical position, perineal membrane is oriented how?

Back 11

in a horizontal plane

Front 12

does the perineal membrane have a free, posterior margin?

Back 12

yes

Front 13

inferior/superificial to the perineal membrane is the

Back 13

superifical perineal pouch/space

Front 14

inferiormost boundary of the superficial perineal pouch/space is

Back 14

Colles' fascia

Front 15

superficial perineal membrane lies b/w

Back 15

perineal membrane and the membranous layer of superficial fascia

Front 16

membranous layer of superficial fascia is called

Back 16

Colle's fascia

Front 17

Colle's fascia continuous w/

Back 17

Scarpa's fascia of the abdominal wall
Dartos fascia of scrotum and penis

Front 18

Colle's fascia laterally is tightly adherent to

Back 18

pubic and sichial rami

Front 19

Colle's fascia posteriorly is tightly adherent to

Back 19

edge of the perineal membrane

Front 20

contents of superficial perineal space

Back 20

erectile tissues
muscle
superficial transverse perineal muscle
Gallaudet's fascia
branches of internal pudendal vessels
pudendal nerve

Front 21

specific contents of MALE superifical perineal space

Back 21

crura of the corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
bulb of the penis

Front 22

specific contents of FEMALE superfiical perineal space

Back 22

contains homologous structures and the greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands).

Front 23

penis is made up of

Back 23

Three erectile masses:

Two corpora cavernosa, each surrounded by a dense, fibrous capsule, the tunica albuginea.

One corpus spongiosum.

Front 24

root of penis is attached to

Back 24

pubic arch
perineal membrane

Front 25

Ischiocavernosus muscles cover

Back 25

the crura

Front 26

Bulbospongiosus covers

Back 26

the bulb

Front 27

which part of the penis is the free part?

Back 27

the body

Front 28

muscles of penis are what type of muscle?

Back 28

skeletal muscle

Front 29

skeletal muscle of penis is innervated by

Back 29

perineal nerve (which is branch of pudendal nerve (S2-S4))

Front 30

erection involves what type of reflex?

Back 30

sacral spinal reflex

Front 31

erection occurs under the influence of

Back 31

acetylcholine and NO

Front 32

what allows greater blood flow into penis during erection?

Back 32

relaxation of the helicine arteries

Front 33

what happens to corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum during erection?

Back 33

become engorged with blood

Front 34

what fxn do ischiocavernous and bulbospongiosus muscles play during erection?

Back 34

compress veins and prevent venous return

Front 35

tunica albuginea of penis helps maintain

Back 35

turgidity

Front 36

Sympathetics (L1-L2) cause peristalsis to move semen (sperm and glandular secretions) to the prostatic urethra via the ejaculatory ducts.

Back 36

Know this.

Front 37

Ejaculation is

Back 37

the expulsion of semen from the urethra

Front 38

scrotum is

Back 38

cutaneous sac with 2 layers

Front 39

2 layers of scrotum are

Back 39

heavily pigmented thin skin
dartos fascia

Front 40

Dartos fascia

Back 40

Fat-free fascial layer containing smooth muscle

Front 41

what happens to scrotum when it is cold?

Back 41

muscle contracts, reduces scrotal surface area and helps cremasteric muscle keep testes against the body

Front 42

innervation of scrotum

Back 42

Anterior scrotal nerve
Branches of Ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves
Posterior scrotal nerves from pudendal nerve

Front 43

Labia majora are innervated by

Back 43

the anterior labial nerves from ilioinguinal and the posterior labial nerves from the superficial perineal.

Front 44

in the male, what organs are contained in deep perineal pouch

Back 44

bulbourethral glands or Cowper’s glands.

Front 45

sheet of skeletal muscle of deep pouch functions as

Back 45

sphincter for the urethra in the male and for the urethra and vagina in the female

Front 46

in the deep pouch, female has two additional muscles, which are

Back 46

Sphincter urethrovaginalis.
Compressor urethrae.

Front 47

In males and females, deep transverse perineal muscles parallel the

Back 47

free margin of the perineal membrane and help stabilize the perineal body

Front 48

anal triangle is bounded posteriorly by

Back 48

the coccyx

Front 49

ischioanal fossae aka

Back 49

ischiorectal fossae

Front 50

ischioanal fossae lies where?

Back 50

on either side of anal canal

Front 51

ischioanal fossae is

Back 51

Large fascia-lined, wedge shaped spaces between the skin and the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm.

Front 52

the ischioanal fossae communicate with each other via

Back 52

the deep postanal space superior to the anococcygeal ligament

Front 53

abcess in the ischioanal fossa

Back 53

Can be very painful.
Inflammation in anal canal can lead to a fistula between the anal canal and the ischioanal fossa.
Can spread to the anterior recess and posteriorly through the deep postanal space to the opposite side.