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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Repetitive stimulation of muscle can produce a smooth rise in tension or contraction
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that is called tetanus.
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for the first few seconds of muscle contraction,
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a ready reserve of energy is available in the form of creatine phosphate
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A muscle that is specialized to
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generate rapid, strong forces and also resist fatigue would be primarily composed of Type II (fast-twitch) fibers
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The oxygen demand of exercising muscle
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is due to the fact that energy for muscle contraction results from metabolic pathways that require oxygen.
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The upper limit to performance in sustained exercise is believed to be set by the maximum rate at which
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the cardiovascular system can deliver O2 and glucose to exercising muscles
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The functional category of neurons that is responsible for neural integration is
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interneurons
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The cells of the nervous system that are not neurons are
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the glia
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The system that provides information about the state of the internal organs is
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the visceral sensory system
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The region of a neuron where inputs from other neurons occur is called
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the dendrites
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Long-distance communication is relayed by what part of the neuron?
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the axon
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An effector is
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any target of a neuron that is not another neuron
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A synapse is
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a point of close contact between axon terminals and target cells
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The inside of the cell has
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a high internal concentration of K+
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The membrane potential
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can become less inside-negative, which is called depolarization
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Excitable cells that can generate action potentials
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include muscle cells and neurons
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The sequence of events in an action potential is
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Depolarization, threshold exceeded, spike, and afterhyperpolarization
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Where in a neuron does the action potential normally get initiated?
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At the axon hillock
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A refactory peroid
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is a period of recovery of resting membrane properties after the spike
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An advantage of myelination is that
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action potentials can be conducted more rapidly by saltatory conduction
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A nerve
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is enclosed in a sheath or epineurium
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In chemical synapses,
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a neurotransmitter chemical is released from the presynaptic cell.
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The role of Ca++ is chemical synaptic transmission is
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to cause some synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane
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When the neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic membrane receptors,
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it causes depolarizing permeability change
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A reflex
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that is the quickest is the stretch reflex
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At the two ends of a reflex arc we have
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A sensory receptor and an effector
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The withdrawl refex
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acts to fles the ipsilateral appendage and exted the contralteral appendage
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The cerebral hemispheres and basal nuclei arise from
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the telencephalon
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The CNS, the gray matter
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is the neuron cell bodies
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The ventricles of the brain
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are filled with cerebrospinal fluid
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The correct order of the meninges,listed from superficial to deep, is
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the dura mater, arachnoid, and the pia mater
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A somatotopic map
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is a representation of information in the brain that roughly corresponds to the body surface
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In the diecephalon, we find
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the pineal gland
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The hypothalamus
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connects with the medulla oblongota to regulate endocrine function
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The only cranial nerve that is purely special sensory is
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the olfactory
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A spinal nerve
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connect with a sympathetic chain ganglion by a ramus communicante
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A plexus is
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an interlacing network of nerves
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The spinal pathway called the spinalthalamic pathway
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carries coarse touch, temperature, and pain senstions
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