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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Arguments based on facts, evidence, and reason" describes _____. |
Logos |
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Aristotle helps us out in classifying arguments by distinguishing two kinds: |
Artistic Proofs Inartistic Proofs |
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Artistic proof is arguments the writer/speaker _____. Therefore, those need _____ and use_____ |
creates constructed arguments appeals to reason; common sense |
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Inartistic proof is arguments the writer/speaker _____. Therefore, those need _____ and use_____ |
is given hard evidence facts, statistics, testimonies, witnesses, contracts, and documents |
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Aristotle claims three of needs for argument |
Statement proof Claim of statement |
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(T or F) Artistic is common sense (T or F) hard evidence is common sense |
True False |
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When they verify the popularity of an idea or proposal, _____ and _____ provide strong persuasive appeals because they come as close to expressing the will of the people as anything short of an election. |
Surveys and polls |
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Surveys and polls can provide _____ for action or intervention. |
persuasive reasons |
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Writers can support their arguments with all kinds of human experience presented in the form of _____ or _____, particularly if that experience is the writer's own. |
narrative or testimony |
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"define what we means by professional journalism and scholarship" describes _____. |
facts |
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_____ need to be interpreted by writers - and writers almost always have _____ that shape the interpretations |
Statistics agenda |
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If you don't have "hard facts", you can support claims by using _____ and _____. |
reason common sense |
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The formal study of reasoning is called _____ |
logic |
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You recognize a famous example of deductive reasoning, called _____. |
syllogism |
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"Formal logic under common sense" describes _____. |
syllogism |
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syllogism is composed of _____ and _____. |
premises (claim) and conclusion (therefore) |
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"informal logic" is called _____. This is based on _____. |
enthymeme assumption |
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A system of informal logic that you may find useful in shaping credible arguments |
Toulmin argument |
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_____ describes an ordinary kind of sentence that includes both a claim and a reason but depends on the audience's agreement with an assumption. |
Enthymeme |
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Enthymeme is a _____, based on what audiences know and will accept. |
compressed agreement |
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Three tools for providing logical structures for argument |
degree analogies precedent |
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"Most audiences will readily accept that more of a good thing or less of a bad thing is good" describes _____. |
degree |
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_____, typically complex or extended comparisons, explain one idea or concept by comparing it to something else. |
Analogies |
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How you create common sense is associated with _____ |
precedent |
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Arguments from _____ and arguments of analogy both involve comparisons. |
precedent |
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Syllogism and Enthymeme is _____. |
common sense |
