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90 Cards in this Set

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What are Diphyodonts?

They are animals that have two different sets of teeth throughout their lifespan.

What are Polyphyodonts?

an animal with many sets of teeth. (sharks)

What does Exfolliate/exfoliation mean?

Losing a tooth (usually referring to deciduous teeth)

What are succedaneous teeth?

Teeth that replace (or succeed) deciduous teeth (after they are lost)



*in the permanent dentition there are 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 premolars, in each arch.

What are non-succedaneous teeth?

Teeth that don't have deciduous predecessors (nothing there before - not replacing, but new).



*all 12 molars

What are Heterodonts?

Each tooth in arch has different shape and function. (Humans)

What are Homodonts?

All teeth are exactly the same and have the same function. (dolphins)

What does Antagonist mean?

when the teeth contact the opposite arch, all anterior teeth have 2 antagonists



*except mandibular central incisors - they only have one, because of their small size compared to the max. centrals.

What are the characteristics of incisors?

* Present in both permanent and primary dentitions.



*Very sharp on incisal; function in cutting food.

What are the numbers of the Incisors in the universal numbering system?

* 7,8,9,10


*23,24,25,26

What are the characteristics of Canines (cuspids)?

*present in both permanent and primary dentitions.


*used to guide teeth together when mouth is closed.


*Longest and most stable teeth in human dentition (roots are longer)


*Designed for piercing, shearing, and tearing food.

What are the numbers of the canines in the universal numbering system?

6,11,22,27

What are the characteristics of the premolars (bicuspids)?

*Replace primary molars (only found in permanent dentition)


*Transitional shape and function


-Outer cusp in good for grasping food


- There's a flat occlusal surface that is good for chewing.


*Have 2 cusps, but mandibular 2nd premolars usually have 3 cusps

What are the numbers of the premolars in the universal numbering system?

4,5,12,13



20,21,28,29

What are the characteristics of molars?

*Non-succedaneous (even in permanent dentition)


*Present in both perm. and prim. dentitions


*Flattened occlusal surface for grinding food.


*usually have 4 cusps - first molars have 5 cusps

What are the numbers of the molars in the universal numbering system?

1,2,3 14,15,16



17,18,19 30,31,32

What are the characteristics of the primary dentition?

Begins with the eruption of the mandibular central incisors and ends when the first permanent tooth erupts, which is the permanent mandibular first molar.

How many teeth are in the primary dentition?

There are 20 teeth

True or False



The primary dentition is darker in color then the permanent dentition.

FALSE - they are lighter in color

What is the average age that the first tooth appears in the mouth?

6 to 8 months old

As a general rule, ___________ teeth erupt before their ______________ counterparts. (Same is true with permanent teeth as well)

Mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth.

True or False



All teeth are shed and replaced by perm. teeth.

FALSE - only deciduous teeth are replaced with permanent teeth.

Each deciduous arch has: ____ Incisors, ____ caninies, and ____ molars.

4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 molars.

The mixed dentition is also known as what stage?

Ugly ducking stage.

What are the characteristics of mixed dentition?

*Both primary and secondary teeth are in the mouth at the same time.


*Begins with eruption of teeth #19 and #30 and ends with shedding of teeth #6 and #11


*Jawbones undergo rapid growth


*Is pathological if found in an adult

How many teeth are found in the permanent dentitions, before and after the removal of wisdom teeth?

32 teeth before and 28 teeth after

What is the first non-succedaneous permanent tooth to erupt? and then what teeth is that followed by?

The first non-succedaneous tooth to erupt are the mandibular first molars, followed by the maxillary first molars.

Around what year do the first molars appear?

Around 6 years of age.

What are the first succedaneous teeth to erupt?

The mandibular incisors.

What are often the last succedaneous teeth to erupt?

The permanent canines.

What does DAQT stand for?

D- Dentition


A- Arch (maxillary, mandibular)


Q- Quadrant (left/right)


T- Tooth name

What are the Characteristics of the Universal Numbering System?

* A number (1-32) is assigned for each permanent tooth.


*A capital letter (A-T) is assigned for each primary tooth.


*Starts in Max. right quadrant and moves clockwise

What are the characteristics of the ISO system of numbering teeth?

*Came from the FDI system.


* Uses a 2 digit system


-The first digit identifies quadrant and dentition (1-4 perm) (5-8 primary)


-2nd digit identifies tooth number from the midline (1-8 perm) (1-5 primary)

What are the characteristics for the Palmar system in numbering teeth?

*Divides the mouth into 4 quadrants and then numbers teeth from 1-8 or A-E for primary teeth, starting at central incisors.


*Is hard to say or type in computer.

What is the hardest structure in the human body?

Enamel

What are the characteristics of enamel?

*Outer surface of crown


*Hardest tissue in the human body


*No living cells - doesn't regenerate


*Translucent (darkens with age)

What is the second hardest tissue in the human body?

Dentin

What are the characteristics of dentin?

*2nd hardest tissue in the human body


*Forms the bulk of the tooth


*yellowish in color and gets darker with age


*Cellular extensions that transmit pain - can regenerate

What is the characteristic of pulp?

It is a soft tissue inside the tooth.

What are the functions of pulp?

*Sensory: pain only


*Reparative: produces more dentin if necessary


*Nourishing: w/o the pulp, the dentin goes brittle

What are the components of the pulp?

*Pulp chamber


*Pulp horns


*Root/pulp canal

What is the pulp chamber?

Major part, located in the crown, (very large in newly erupted teeth, and shrinks with age)

What are the pulp horns?

Extensions of the pulp which extend close to the cusp surface.


What is the root/pulp chamber?

Thin, round/oval canal within the root


-As least one root canal per root


- Apical foramen: where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter/exit the pulp.

What are the characteristics of the cementum?

*similar to bone in hardness and structure


*Covers dentin (on root only) in very thin layer

What is the function of cementum?

Attaches tooth to bone via fibers of the periodontal ligament.

True or False



New cementum can be formed at any part of the root.

FALSE: It can only be formed on any part of the root not exposed to the oral cavity.

What are the three conditions of cementum?

A. Overlap: cementum overlaps the enamel slightly. (60%)



B. Butte Joint: cementum goes right up to enamel. (30%)



C. Gap: gap between enamel and cementum. (10%)

The ___________________ is the portion of the tooth covered by enamel.

Anatomical crown

The ________________ is the portion of the root covered by cementum (normally it's also covered by alveolor bone)

Anatomical root

The ________________ is the portion of the tooth that has erupted through soft tissue and is viable (determined by the gingival margin)

Clinical crown

The ________________ is the portion of the anatomical root that is viable.

Clinical root

The _________________________ is where the crown and root join; where cementum meets enamel.

Cementoenamel junction

What is a very important landmark for assessing periodontal health?

The CEJ (cementoenamel junction)

What are the proximal surfaces?

Mesial: surface closest to the midline



Distal: surface furthest from the midline

What are the contact areas of the mesial and distal surfaces?

Where two adjacent teeth come into contact.

What are the facial surfaces?

Labial: anterior teeth only (canine to canine)



buccal: posterior teeth only (premolars and molars)

What are the lingual and palatal surface?

Lingual: surface of tooth closest to tongue



Palatal: on maxillary arch only

What are the masitcatory surfaces?

Incisal: sharp edge or cusp of anterior teeth



Occlusal: flat surfaces of the posterior teeth.

What is the height of contour/ crest of curvature?

The widest portion of the tooth, the M/D height of contour is usually located at the contact area, deflects food away from the soft tissue. There is also a (Facial-lingual) height of contour that can be viewed from the mesial or distal.

What are triangular shaped spaces created as the angular teeth come together?

Embrasures



without these teeth would appear as perfectly rectangular "piano keys"

How are line angles formed?

Formed by junction of 2 surfaces, such as:


mesiolabial, mesio-occlusal, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, disto-occlusal, bucco-occlusal, linguo-occlusal, mesiolabial, distolingual, distolabial, labioincisal, linguoincisal.

How many line angles to the posterior teeth have? and how many do the anterior teeth have?

Posterior teeth have 8 line angles



Anterior teeth have 6 line angles

What are point angles?

formed by junction of 3 surfaces. E


-Each tooth has four point angles


-mesial/distal first, then facial/lingual, then incisal/occlusal



Ex: mesiolabio-occlusal (posterior)


mesiolabioincisal (anterior)

Describe what thirds are?

It is where a crown or root surface is divided into 3rds either horizontally or vertically.

What are the three surfaces of a root in thirds, horizontally?

Apical:toward the root


Middle


Cervial: toward the crown

What are the three surfaces of the crown, in thirds, horizontally?

Cervical: towards the root


Middle


Incisal/Occlusal: towards the biting surface

What are the three surfaces of the crown, divided in thirds, vertically?

Facial view Proximal view



Mesial Facial


Middle Middle


Distal Lingual

What are lobes of the tooth?

Large inner parts of glands or regions of tooth during development.

How many lobes do anterior teeth have?

They have 4 lobes


- 3 lobes form the incisal


- 1 lobe forms the bump on lingual side

What is the mamelon?

The scalloped incisal edge found only on newly erupted teeth, they wear away quickly with age.

What is the cingulum?

A convex, rounded tubercle on the cervical 3rd. All anterior teeth have a cingulum.

How many lobes to posterior teeth have?

Most have 4 lobes.



Each lobe forms a cusp.

What are marginal ridges?

Rounded raised border on the mesial and distal of teeth.

On anterior teeth the marginal ridges are apparent from what surface?

The lingual surface.

On posterior teeth the marginal ridges are found surrounding what?

The occlusal table

What are imbrication lines?

lines that run parallel to CEJ of the cervical 3rd of a newly erupted anterior tooth. (tend to wear away very quickly)

What are pits?

Rounded impression into the enamel



-may or may not be associated with grooves, usually found where 2 or more grooves meet.

What are developmental grooves?

Narrow linear depression in the enamel.



Potential areas for decay

What are fissures?

Incomplete closure of lobes (a wide groove)

What are fossas?

Large depression on a broad surface of a tooth.



Anterior: lingual fossa


Posterior: Where cusps of opposing teeth, interdigiate during mastication.

What is a ridge?

A raised linear area that slope to a groove.



-on the facial surface there are also labial and buccal ridges.

What is a furcation?

A point at which the roots of a tooth separate.



-a tooth may be bifurcated or trifurcated.

Where is the root trunk found?

From CEJ to the furcations.

What is a developmental depression?

Shallow linear concavities located on root (root concavities) or crown.

What does MOD stand for?

Mesial, Occlusal, Distal

What does DO stand for?

Distal, Occlusal

What does MO stand for?

Mesial, Occlusal

What does BO stand for?

Buccal, Occlusal

What does MODL stand for?

Mesial, Occlusal, Distal, Lingual.