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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are Diphyodonts? |
They are animals that have two different sets of teeth throughout their lifespan. |
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What are Polyphyodonts? |
an animal with many sets of teeth. (sharks) |
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What does Exfolliate/exfoliation mean? |
Losing a tooth (usually referring to deciduous teeth) |
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What are succedaneous teeth? |
Teeth that replace (or succeed) deciduous teeth (after they are lost)
*in the permanent dentition there are 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 premolars, in each arch. |
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What are non-succedaneous teeth? |
Teeth that don't have deciduous predecessors (nothing there before - not replacing, but new).
*all 12 molars |
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What are Heterodonts? |
Each tooth in arch has different shape and function. (Humans) |
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What are Homodonts? |
All teeth are exactly the same and have the same function. (dolphins) |
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What does Antagonist mean? |
when the teeth contact the opposite arch, all anterior teeth have 2 antagonists
*except mandibular central incisors - they only have one, because of their small size compared to the max. centrals. |
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What are the characteristics of incisors? |
* Present in both permanent and primary dentitions.
*Very sharp on incisal; function in cutting food. |
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What are the numbers of the Incisors in the universal numbering system? |
* 7,8,9,10 *23,24,25,26 |
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What are the characteristics of Canines (cuspids)? |
*present in both permanent and primary dentitions. *used to guide teeth together when mouth is closed. *Longest and most stable teeth in human dentition (roots are longer) *Designed for piercing, shearing, and tearing food. |
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What are the numbers of the canines in the universal numbering system? |
6,11,22,27 |
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What are the characteristics of the premolars (bicuspids)? |
*Replace primary molars (only found in permanent dentition) *Transitional shape and function -Outer cusp in good for grasping food - There's a flat occlusal surface that is good for chewing. *Have 2 cusps, but mandibular 2nd premolars usually have 3 cusps |
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What are the numbers of the premolars in the universal numbering system? |
4,5,12,13
20,21,28,29 |
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What are the characteristics of molars? |
*Non-succedaneous (even in permanent dentition) *Present in both perm. and prim. dentitions *Flattened occlusal surface for grinding food. *usually have 4 cusps - first molars have 5 cusps |
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What are the numbers of the molars in the universal numbering system? |
1,2,3 14,15,16
17,18,19 30,31,32 |
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What are the characteristics of the primary dentition? |
Begins with the eruption of the mandibular central incisors and ends when the first permanent tooth erupts, which is the permanent mandibular first molar. |
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How many teeth are in the primary dentition? |
There are 20 teeth |
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True or False
The primary dentition is darker in color then the permanent dentition. |
FALSE - they are lighter in color |
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What is the average age that the first tooth appears in the mouth? |
6 to 8 months old |
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As a general rule, ___________ teeth erupt before their ______________ counterparts. (Same is true with permanent teeth as well) |
Mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth. |
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True or False
All teeth are shed and replaced by perm. teeth. |
FALSE - only deciduous teeth are replaced with permanent teeth. |
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Each deciduous arch has: ____ Incisors, ____ caninies, and ____ molars. |
4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 molars. |
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The mixed dentition is also known as what stage? |
Ugly ducking stage. |
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What are the characteristics of mixed dentition? |
*Both primary and secondary teeth are in the mouth at the same time. *Begins with eruption of teeth #19 and #30 and ends with shedding of teeth #6 and #11 *Jawbones undergo rapid growth *Is pathological if found in an adult |
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How many teeth are found in the permanent dentitions, before and after the removal of wisdom teeth? |
32 teeth before and 28 teeth after |
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What is the first non-succedaneous permanent tooth to erupt? and then what teeth is that followed by? |
The first non-succedaneous tooth to erupt are the mandibular first molars, followed by the maxillary first molars. |
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Around what year do the first molars appear? |
Around 6 years of age. |
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What are the first succedaneous teeth to erupt? |
The mandibular incisors. |
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What are often the last succedaneous teeth to erupt? |
The permanent canines. |
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What does DAQT stand for? |
D- Dentition A- Arch (maxillary, mandibular) Q- Quadrant (left/right) T- Tooth name |
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What are the Characteristics of the Universal Numbering System? |
* A number (1-32) is assigned for each permanent tooth. *A capital letter (A-T) is assigned for each primary tooth. *Starts in Max. right quadrant and moves clockwise |
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What are the characteristics of the ISO system of numbering teeth? |
*Came from the FDI system. * Uses a 2 digit system -The first digit identifies quadrant and dentition (1-4 perm) (5-8 primary) -2nd digit identifies tooth number from the midline (1-8 perm) (1-5 primary) |
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What are the characteristics for the Palmar system in numbering teeth? |
*Divides the mouth into 4 quadrants and then numbers teeth from 1-8 or A-E for primary teeth, starting at central incisors. *Is hard to say or type in computer. |
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What is the hardest structure in the human body? |
Enamel |
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What are the characteristics of enamel? |
*Outer surface of crown *Hardest tissue in the human body *No living cells - doesn't regenerate *Translucent (darkens with age) |
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What is the second hardest tissue in the human body? |
Dentin |
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What are the characteristics of dentin? |
*2nd hardest tissue in the human body *Forms the bulk of the tooth *yellowish in color and gets darker with age *Cellular extensions that transmit pain - can regenerate |
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What is the characteristic of pulp? |
It is a soft tissue inside the tooth. |
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What are the functions of pulp? |
*Sensory: pain only *Reparative: produces more dentin if necessary *Nourishing: w/o the pulp, the dentin goes brittle |
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What are the components of the pulp? |
*Pulp chamber *Pulp horns *Root/pulp canal |
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What is the pulp chamber? |
Major part, located in the crown, (very large in newly erupted teeth, and shrinks with age) |
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What are the pulp horns? |
Extensions of the pulp which extend close to the cusp surface.
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What is the root/pulp chamber? |
Thin, round/oval canal within the root -As least one root canal per root - Apical foramen: where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter/exit the pulp. |
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What are the characteristics of the cementum? |
*similar to bone in hardness and structure *Covers dentin (on root only) in very thin layer |
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What is the function of cementum? |
Attaches tooth to bone via fibers of the periodontal ligament. |
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True or False
New cementum can be formed at any part of the root. |
FALSE: It can only be formed on any part of the root not exposed to the oral cavity. |
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What are the three conditions of cementum? |
A. Overlap: cementum overlaps the enamel slightly. (60%)
B. Butte Joint: cementum goes right up to enamel. (30%)
C. Gap: gap between enamel and cementum. (10%) |
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The ___________________ is the portion of the tooth covered by enamel. |
Anatomical crown |
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The ________________ is the portion of the root covered by cementum (normally it's also covered by alveolor bone) |
Anatomical root |
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The ________________ is the portion of the tooth that has erupted through soft tissue and is viable (determined by the gingival margin) |
Clinical crown |
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The ________________ is the portion of the anatomical root that is viable. |
Clinical root |
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The _________________________ is where the crown and root join; where cementum meets enamel. |
Cementoenamel junction |
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What is a very important landmark for assessing periodontal health? |
The CEJ (cementoenamel junction) |
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What are the proximal surfaces? |
Mesial: surface closest to the midline
Distal: surface furthest from the midline |
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What are the contact areas of the mesial and distal surfaces? |
Where two adjacent teeth come into contact. |
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What are the facial surfaces? |
Labial: anterior teeth only (canine to canine)
buccal: posterior teeth only (premolars and molars) |
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What are the lingual and palatal surface? |
Lingual: surface of tooth closest to tongue
Palatal: on maxillary arch only |
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What are the masitcatory surfaces? |
Incisal: sharp edge or cusp of anterior teeth
Occlusal: flat surfaces of the posterior teeth. |
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What is the height of contour/ crest of curvature? |
The widest portion of the tooth, the M/D height of contour is usually located at the contact area, deflects food away from the soft tissue. There is also a (Facial-lingual) height of contour that can be viewed from the mesial or distal. |
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What are triangular shaped spaces created as the angular teeth come together? |
Embrasures
without these teeth would appear as perfectly rectangular "piano keys" |
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How are line angles formed? |
Formed by junction of 2 surfaces, such as: mesiolabial, mesio-occlusal, mesiobuccal, distobuccal, disto-occlusal, bucco-occlusal, linguo-occlusal, mesiolabial, distolingual, distolabial, labioincisal, linguoincisal. |
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How many line angles to the posterior teeth have? and how many do the anterior teeth have? |
Posterior teeth have 8 line angles
Anterior teeth have 6 line angles |
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What are point angles? |
formed by junction of 3 surfaces. E -Each tooth has four point angles -mesial/distal first, then facial/lingual, then incisal/occlusal
Ex: mesiolabio-occlusal (posterior) mesiolabioincisal (anterior) |
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Describe what thirds are? |
It is where a crown or root surface is divided into 3rds either horizontally or vertically. |
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What are the three surfaces of a root in thirds, horizontally? |
Apical:toward the root Middle Cervial: toward the crown |
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What are the three surfaces of the crown, in thirds, horizontally? |
Cervical: towards the root Middle Incisal/Occlusal: towards the biting surface |
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What are the three surfaces of the crown, divided in thirds, vertically? |
Facial view Proximal view
Mesial Facial Middle Middle Distal Lingual |
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What are lobes of the tooth? |
Large inner parts of glands or regions of tooth during development. |
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How many lobes do anterior teeth have? |
They have 4 lobes - 3 lobes form the incisal - 1 lobe forms the bump on lingual side |
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What is the mamelon? |
The scalloped incisal edge found only on newly erupted teeth, they wear away quickly with age. |
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What is the cingulum? |
A convex, rounded tubercle on the cervical 3rd. All anterior teeth have a cingulum. |
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How many lobes to posterior teeth have? |
Most have 4 lobes.
Each lobe forms a cusp. |
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What are marginal ridges? |
Rounded raised border on the mesial and distal of teeth. |
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On anterior teeth the marginal ridges are apparent from what surface? |
The lingual surface. |
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On posterior teeth the marginal ridges are found surrounding what? |
The occlusal table |
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What are imbrication lines? |
lines that run parallel to CEJ of the cervical 3rd of a newly erupted anterior tooth. (tend to wear away very quickly) |
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What are pits? |
Rounded impression into the enamel
-may or may not be associated with grooves, usually found where 2 or more grooves meet. |
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What are developmental grooves? |
Narrow linear depression in the enamel.
Potential areas for decay |
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What are fissures? |
Incomplete closure of lobes (a wide groove) |
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What are fossas? |
Large depression on a broad surface of a tooth.
Anterior: lingual fossa Posterior: Where cusps of opposing teeth, interdigiate during mastication. |
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What is a ridge? |
A raised linear area that slope to a groove.
-on the facial surface there are also labial and buccal ridges. |
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What is a furcation? |
A point at which the roots of a tooth separate.
-a tooth may be bifurcated or trifurcated. |
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Where is the root trunk found? |
From CEJ to the furcations. |
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What is a developmental depression? |
Shallow linear concavities located on root (root concavities) or crown. |
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What does MOD stand for? |
Mesial, Occlusal, Distal |
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What does DO stand for? |
Distal, Occlusal |
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What does MO stand for? |
Mesial, Occlusal |
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What does BO stand for? |
Buccal, Occlusal |
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What does MODL stand for? |
Mesial, Occlusal, Distal, Lingual. |