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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of...
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Stratiform clouds with LITTLE OR NO turbulence
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What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?
A - Roll cloud B - Continuous updraft C - Frequent lightening |
B - Continuous updraft
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Each recreational or private pilot is required to have flight reviews annually, semi-annually, or biennially?
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Each pilot must have completed a biennial flight review since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot-in-command.
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What effect does high density altitude have on aircraft performance?
A- In increases engine performance B- It reduces climb performance C- It increases take-off performance |
Answer B
An increase in air temp or humidity or a decrease in air pressure (which results in a higher density altitude), will significantly decrease both power output and propeller efficiency |
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With respect to the certification of AIRMEN, which lists CATEGORIES of aircraft?
A- Gyroplane, helicopter, airship, free balloon B- Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air C- Single engine land and sea, multi-engine land and sea |
Answer B
With respect to the certification of airmen, "category" means a broad classification of a/c, such as airplane, rotorcraft, glider and lighter-than-air |
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Possible mountain wave turbulence could be anticipated when winds of 40 knots or greater blow...
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Across a mountain ridge, and the air is stable
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The proper action to initiate a quick stop is...
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to apply aft cyclic and down collective. Also- right pedal to maintain heading and throttle to maintain RPM
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Generally speaking the use of carb heat tends to...
A- Decrease engine performance B- Increase engine performance C- Have no effect on engine performance |
Answer A
Use of carb heat tends to reduce the output of the engine and also to increase the operating temp |
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When departing behind a heavy aircraft the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft....
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Above and upwind from the heavy aircraft. When departing behind a large aircraft, note the large aircraft's rotation point, rotate prior to it, continue to climb above it, and request permission to deviate upwind of the large aircraft's climb path until turning clear of the aircraft's wake.
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An aircraft's annual condition inspection was performed on July 12 this year. The next annual inspection is due no later than
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July 31st, next year.
No person may operate an aircraft unless, within the preceeding 12 calendar months, it has had an annual inspection in accordance with part 43 and has been approved for return to service by an authorized person. |
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What action is required when 2 aircraft of the same category converge, but not head on.
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The aircraft on the right has the right of way. (The aircraft on the left shall give way.)
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Prior to take-off the altimeter should be set to which altitude or altimeter setting?
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The current local altimeter setting, if available, or the departure airport elevation for airplanes and the departure area for other aircraft.
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In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the east if..
A- An aircraft is decelerated while on a south heading B- An aircraft is accelerated while on a north heading C- A left turn is entered from a north heading |
Answer C
If on a northerly heading and a turn is made toward east or west, the initial indication of the compass lags, or indicates a turn in the opposite direction |
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A seaplane and a motorboat are on crossing courses. If the motorboat is to the left of the seaplane, which has the right of way?
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The seaplane. For water operation, when aircraft or an aircraft and a vessel are on crossing courses, the aircraft or vessel to the other's right has ROW.
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Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?
A- Any temp. below freezing and a relative humidity of < 50% B- Temperature between 32 and 50 degrees F and low humidity C- Temperature between 20 and 70 degrees F and high humidity |
Answer C
If the temp is between -7*C and (20*F) and 21*C (70*F) with visible moisture or high humidity, the pilot should be constantly on the alert for carb ice |
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If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected?
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The altimeter, airspeed indicator and vertical speed indicator all receive static input and indicate inaccurately if the static sources become plugged.
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If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine
A- Will run very rough B- Cannot be started with the switch in the ON position C- cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position |
Answer C
If the ground wire between a magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the primary current cannot be directed to the ground and the engine cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position. |
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The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is
A- light, dirty and fast B- heavy, dirty and fast C- heavy, clean and slow |
Answer C. Heavy, clean and slow.
The strength of the vortex is governed by the weight, speed and shape of the wing of the generating a/c. The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating a/c is heavy clean and slow. |
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Which is the correct traffic pattern departure procedure to use at a noncontrolled airport?
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In the case of an aircraft departing an airport without an operating control tower, comply with any FAA traffic pattern for that airport
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The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as...
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Pre-ignition is defined as ignition of the fuel prior to normal ignition
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Which is appropriate for a helicopter approaching a landing?
A- Remain below the airplane traffic pattern altitude B- Avoid the flow of fixed wing traffic C- Fly right hand traffic |
Answer B
Helicopters and powered parachutes must avoid the flow of fixed wing traffic. |
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If the grade of fuel used in an a/c engine is lower that specified for the engine, it will most likely cause...?
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Detonation. Using fuel of a lower rating is harmful under any circumstance because it may cause loss of power, excessive heat, burned spark plugs, burned and sticky valves, high oil consumption and detonation.
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Which helicopter component, if defective, would cause medium frequency vibrations?
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Medium frequency vibrations are a result of trouble with the tail rotor in most helicopters.
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What types of fog depend upon wind in order to exist?
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Advection fog and upslope fog. Advection fog forms when moist air moves over colder groud or water. It is most common along coastal areas.
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When a blade flaps up, the CG moves closer to its axis of rotation giving that blade a tendency to...
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Accelerate. When a rotor blade _______, the center of mass of that blade moves closer to the axis of rotation and blade acceleration takes place.
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The lift differential that exists between the advancing main rotor blade and the retreating main rotor blade is known as...
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Disymmetry of lift. (created by horizontal flight or by wind during hovering flight)
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The angular difference between true north and magnetic north is
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variation.... is the difference between...?
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The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is
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A light, quartering tailwind. A tailwind condition can move the vortices of a preceding aircraft forward into the touchdown zone. A light quartering tailwind requires maximum caution. Pilots should be alert to large aircraft upwind from their approach and takeoff flight paths.
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An electrical system failure (battery & alternator) occurs during flight. Indicated by
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Avionics equipment failure.
If you experience an inflight electrical system failure, you have an avionics equipment failure and cannot use your electrical fuel boost pump. |
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Detonation may occur at high power settings when...
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the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.
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Detonation or knock is...
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a sudden explosion or shock to a small area of the piston top, rather than the normal smooth burn in the combustion chamber
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If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected?
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The altimeter, airspeed indicator and vertical speed indicator
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If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine...
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Cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position.
If the ground wire between a magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the primary current cannot be directed to the ground, and the engine cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position. |
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What minimum flight visibility is required for VFR flight operations on an airway below 10,000 foot MSL
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3 miles.
An airway below 10,000 foot MSL is either Class B, C, D or E airspace and requires 3 miles flight visibility |
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If possible, when departing a confined area, what type of take-off is preferred?
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If possible, a normal takeoff from a hover should be made when departing a confined area.
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Ground Effect is most likely to result in which problem
A- settling abruptly during landing B-becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed C-Inability to get airborne with sufficient airspeed |
Answer B
Due to reduced IGE, airplanes may seem capable of takeoff well below the recommended speed |
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The airspeed range to avoid while flying in ground effect is
A- 25-40 mph B- 25-57 mph C- 40 mph + |
Answer C
The diagram depicts that a pilot should avoid flight of >40 mph at altitudes lower than 40 feet |
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With respect to the certification of airmen, which is a class of aircraft?
A- airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air B- Single-engine land and sea, multi-engine land and sea C- Lighter than air, airship, hot air balloon, gas ballooon |
Answer B.
With respect to the certification of airmen, a "class" refers to aircraft with similar operating characteristics such as single-engine land/sea and multi-engine land/sea, gyroplane, helicopter, airship and free balloon. |
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When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to
A- rise from crossing runway to takeoff or landing path B-rise into the traffic pattern area C-sink into the flight path of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence |
Answer C
Flight tests have shown that the vortices from large aircraft sink at a rate of about 4-500 ft./min. They tend to level off at 900 ft below the path of the generating aircraft. (A&B are incorrect; wingtip vortices always descend) |
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Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is
A-operating at high airspeeds B-heavily loaded C-developing lift |
Answer C
Lift is generated by the creation of a pressure differential over the wing surface. The lowest pressure occurs over the wing surface and the highest pressure occurs under the wing. This pressure differential triggers the roll-up of the airflow aft of the wing, resulting in wing-tip vortices. Vortices are generated from the moment an aircraft leaves the ground. |
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Which is a result of the phenomenon of ground effect?
A- The induced angle of attack of each rotor blade is increased B- The lift vector becomes more horizontal C- The angle of attack generating lift is increased |
Answer C
In ground effect, as downwash in reduced, the induced angle of attack is reduced and the lift vector becomes more vertical. Simultaneously, a reduction in induced drag occurs. Also- as the induced angle of attack is reduced, the angle generating lift is increased. The NET result of these three actions is a beneficial increase in lift and a lower power requirement. |
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The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to
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decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for the decreased air density
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Carb icing can occur with an OAT as high as
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20 degrees C and high relative humidity
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Applying carb heat will
A - result in more air going thru the carb B - enrich the fuel/air mixture C - not affect the fuel/air mixture |
B - Applying carb hear will enrich the fuel/air mixture
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To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the
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fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps
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What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?
A-Enrich the fuel mixture B- Increase the RPM C- Reduce the airspeed |
A- Enrich the fuel mixture.
(To avoid excessive cylinder head temps, a pilot can open the cowl flaps, increase airspeed, enrich the mixture, or reduce power. And of these procedures will aid in reducing the engine temperature) |
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(Refer to Fig 10) During flight, if cyclic control pressure is applied which results in a maximum increase in pitch angle of the rotor blade at position A, the rotor disc will tilt...
A- Fwd B- Aft C- Left |
A- Fwd
(Gyroscopic precession is the resultant action of a spinning object when a force is applied to the object. The action occurs apprx 90 degrees later in the direction of rotation. Thus, if the maximum increase in angle of attack occurs at point A, maximum deflection takes place 90 degrees later. This is maximum upward deflection at the rear, and the tip-path plane tilts forward.) *R22 is actually 72 degrees not 90, because not a perfect gyro. |
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Translational lift is the result of
A - decreased rotor efficiency B - airspeed C - both airspeed and groundspeed |
B - airspeed
(Translational lift is that additional lift obtained when entering horizontal flight due to the increased efficiency of the rotor system. Translation lift depends upon airspeed rather than ground speed.) |
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When in level cruising flight in a helicopter, a pilot experiences low-frequency vibrations (100-400 cycles per minute). These vibrations are normally associated with the
A- Engine B- Cooling fan C- Main rotor |
C- Main rotor
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Select the helicopter component that, if defective, would cause medium-frequency vibrations.
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A- Tail rotor
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3336. During surface taxiing, the collective pitch is used to control
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Rate of speed.... the higher the collective pitch, the faster will be the taxi speed
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3737. (Refer to Fig 47)
Which airspeed/altitude combination should be avoided during helicopter operations? A - 20 MPH/ 200 feet AGL B - 35 MPH / 175 feet AGL C - 40 MPH / 75 feet AGL |
A - 20 MPH / 200 feet AGL
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Which action would be appropriate for confined area operations?
A - Takeoffs and landings must be made into the wind B - Plan the flightpath over areas suitable for a forced landing C - A very steep angle of descent should be used to land on the selected spot |
B - In any type of confined area operation, plan a flight path over areas suitable for forced landings if possible
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Which is a correct general rule for pinnacle and ridgeline operations?
A- Gaining altitude on takeoff is more important than gaining airspeed B - The approach path to a ridgeline is usually perpendicular to the ridge C - A climb to a pinnacle or ridgeline should be performed on the upwind side |
C - If necessary to climb to a pinnacle or ridgeline, the climb should be performed on the upwind side, when practicable, to take advantage of any updrafts
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Which instument(s) will become inoperative if the STATIC VENTS become clogged?
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Airspeed, altimeter and vertical speed indicator
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How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter
(say, on a warm day)? |
Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude
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What is true altitude
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The vertical distance of an aircraft above sea level
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What is absolute altitude
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The vertical distance of an aircraft above the surface
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What is pressure altitude?
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The altitude indicated when the barometric scale is set to 29.92
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If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs?
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A 700 ft increase in the indicated altitude
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Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?
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When standard atmospheric conditions exist
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If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate
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Lower than the actual altitude above sea level
(& vice versa) |
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Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude?
A - Air temp lower than stnd B - Atmospheric pressure lower than stnd C - AIr temp warmer than stnd |
C - The altimeter will indicate a lower altitude than acutally flown, in air temp warmer than standard
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Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered to be a good operating procedure because this will...
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Prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.
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Risk management, as part of the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, relies on which features to reduce the risks associated with each flight?
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Situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgement
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A pilot and two passengers landed on a 2,100 foot east-west gravel strip with an elevation of 1,800 feet. The temperature is warmer than expected and after computing the density altitude it is determined the takeoff distance over a 50 foot obstacle is 1,980 feet. The airplane is 75 pounds under gross weight. What would be the best choice?
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This is too risky; Wait until the temperature decreases and recalculate the takeoff performance.
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Except in Alaska, during what time periods should lighted position lights be displayed on an aircraft?
A - End of civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight B - 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise C - Sunset to sunrise |
C - Sunset to sunrise
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End of evening civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight applies to...
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logging of night time
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! hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise applies to...
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Night landing recency requirement
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Pilots are encourage to turn on their landing lights when operating below 10,000 feet, day or night, and when operating within..
A- Class B airspace B - 10 miles of any airport C - 5 miles of a controlled airport |
B - 10 miles of any airport
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Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when
A - water vapor condenses B - water vapor is present C - relative humidity reaches 100 percent |
A - Water vapor condenses
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A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?
A - Showery precipitation B - Turbulent air C - Poor surface visibility |
C - Poor surface visibility
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When may an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) be tested?
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During the first 5 minutes after the hour
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When operating the transponder on th VFR code (1200), what is the minimum mode the transponder must be in?
A - Mode A B - Mode C C - Mode F |
MODE A
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[30] This denotes the floor of Class B airspace as
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3000 feet *MSL*
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CG = ____ divided by ____
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CG = MOMENT divided by WEIGHT
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VOR to Dallas VORTAC, OBS on 253* with a TO indication and a right course CDI deflection... Aircraft is...
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East northeast
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MH is 330, MB is 210. Calculate RB
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RB = 140................. MB = MH + RB.................. 210 = 330 + RB.................. 210 - 330 = RB................... -120 = RB........................... +360 = 240 = RB
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Fig 49: difference between A (arrows) and E (chevrons)
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A may be used for taxi and takeoff and E only as overrun
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Which factor would decrease density altitude?
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An increase in temp
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What is the minimum # of GPS satellites observable by a user?
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5
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WA = ______ - _______
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WIND DIRECTION - RWY HDG
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The aim specifically encourages pilots to turn their landing lights on when operating below 10,000', day or night, especially when operating....
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In conditions of reduced visibility
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Use flight computer to compute 40 nm at 85.7 kts
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28 mins
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In the N. Hemisphere if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate
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Correctly when on a N or S heading
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If more than 1 cruising altitude is intended, which should be entered in Block 7 of the flight plan?
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Initial Cruising Altitude
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MH = _______ +/- _______
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MH = TH +/- VARIATION
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Minimum Visibility OUTSIDE controlled airspace >1200'AGL; <10,000'MSL *AT NIGHT*
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3 sm
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Find MB if Relative Bearing is 045 and Magnetic Heading is 120
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MB = RB + MH = 165
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