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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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8 Dimensions of Religion
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Ritual, Doctrinal, Ethical, Experiential, Material, Mythical, Social, Sacred
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Ritual Dimension
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ceremonial acts that give a certain pattern to worship
Ex: Christians participating in Eucharist, Rites of Passage |
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Doctrinal Dimension
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the actual belief system a tradition holds and develops in relation to the Sacred (deals with relationship of the extraordinary to the ordinary)
ex: Holy Trinity, salvation, concepts of heaven and hell |
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Ethical Dimension
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deals with everyday human behavior; how humans should (not) treat one another, nature, and the surrounding environment; addresses how humans should function in the day-to-day world
ex: dietary laws, dress codes, laws regarding marriage or sex, gender codes, etc. ex: fast during lent, jews can't eat meat |
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Mythical Dimension
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stories significant to a particular religion, often stories about that religion's founder, prophets, or other significant persons, parables explaining how to act
ex: Jesus's crucifixion, story of Buddha, Creation stories |
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Social Dimension (4 Q's)
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1. Communally (Jews/Catholic) or individually (Protestants) driven?
2. organizational structures (who are leaders, how chosen, who is eligible, hierarchical or not?) 3. open (Pentecostals/Catholics) or closed (Jews)? Can anyone join or have to be born into it? 4. relationship with surroundings (part of community or completely separate, similar or different, majority or minority, etc) |
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Materialistic Dimension
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the material creations, artistic objects, tangibles, or architecture associated with a particular religion, and any of the senses
ex: eastern shrines, catholic altars, what-would-jesus-do bracelets, jewelry, candles, foods, bells, etc. |
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Sacred Dimension
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ways a religion distinguishes the sacred from the profane or sacred from the secular
ex: places (mosque, Mecca), times (holidays, before meals, pilgrimage), food (bread during Eucharist), texts (Torah, Bible), people (priests, monks, preachers) |
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Americanist Catholic Response (response to "Catholics can't be part of America")
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-just as much right (1st Amendment, free exercise)
-encourage Catholics to adopt as much as possible -Catholics would say Catholicism is more democratic, so actually good for America (elect leaders, Pope, etc) -not like Protestants who are promoting chaos |
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Americanization
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-The One (The one vs the many)
-Assimulating to the mass culture of America ex: Jews promoting Hanukkah because it is parallel to Christmas (majority participating holiday) even though it isn't that popular of a holiday for jews |
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Azusa Street Revivals
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1906, series of revival services, people would come from all over, associated with Pentecostalism
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Bembe
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African drumming often used in Hispanic Catholic services, example of syncretism or blending of cultures (an established tradition imposes on indigenous people and results in a blending of traditions)
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Cane Ridge
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Largest and most famous camp meeting of the Second Great Awakening, when James Finley (Methodist) went to, people weeping, falling to ground, etc in midwest/south
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Canon Law
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system of laws and legal principles used to govern Catholic Church and its members
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Charismatic
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(Pentecostalism), belief to be given the gifts of the Holy Spirit, to describe someone who have had a divine/spirit filled encounter and as a result, has been given powers/gifts beyond human capabilities
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Christmas Challenge
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Introduced in Green's essay, everyone is celebrating Christmas, but a little boy is jewish so father comes to talk about Hanukkah to class, a boy asks "why don't you believe in Jesus?" and teacher replies "religions are equal and there are many diff ones"
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"City on a Hill"
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John Winthop referencing new Puritan (Protestantism) colony in America, describes ideals colonists should strive for
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Day of the Dead
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Holiday celebrated in Hispanic Catholicism, honoring friends and family members who have passed away
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Disetablishment
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clause saying the government can't favor one religion over another, separation of church and state, encourages idea of pluralism and the many, part of first amendment
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Epoche
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idea scholars should take on: set aside notions of right/wrong, momentarious disregard of feelings, prejudices, vices toward other groups
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Exclusivist (Particularist)
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Idea of my religion is (I am) right, and everyone else (all other religions) is wrong
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Extraordinary Religion
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Part of religion that breaks boundaries, connects this world to the other world, can involve experiential dimension, challenging this world/society/culture (ex: Anne Hutchinson), spiritual aspects, transformation, disorder
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James Finley
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In 1801, left Ohio for Cane RIdge, Kentucky (spiritual revivals, dramatics, weepings, etc.), falls down at the look of a priest, says we need to change or we're going to Hell, eventually becomes Methodist preacher, spreads gospel, reforms society (prisons, temperance, social norms, rights of Native Americans, etc.)
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First Amendment
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Includes both Disestablishment clause and the idea of free exercise (separation of church and state and freedom of religion)
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Free exercise
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part of first amendment stating that everyone has to right to participate in any religion of their choice, freedom or religion
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Free Will
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the idea that one has the ability to make choices not controlled by fate or God, newly introduced over course of America (Great Awakenings - humans affect salvation not God)
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The Great Awakening
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First/Second: ranged from 1700s to 1800s, transformation of who was God, transformed God into forgiving, loveing, compassionate, welcoming, personal, and present. Introduced Free Will, spiritual revivals, and idea of being forgiven/saved, religion more individually driven, Whitefield, Cane Ridge, James Finley, etc.)
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Glossolalia
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speaking in tongues (fluid vocalizing of speech-like syllables that lack any coherent meaning)
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Ann Hutchinson
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Early Colonist, claims to have spoken directly to God (direct path between God and Individual), that she was saved, and that salvation could be assured. Strong conflicts with norms of Protestantism, John Winthrop charged and eventually banished her from the colony, but her ideas helped influence the great awakening
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John Hughes
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outspoken Catholic bishop who challenged American's idea of religious freedom, saw America claimed to be tolerant, but were prejudice towards Catholics, fought for Catholic rights in public school systems,
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Immigration Act of 1965
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Allowed increase in Immigration, influx of different religions, and began to incorporate inclusivist view towards religions
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Inclusivist
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Idea that my religion is right for me, and your religion is right for you, everyone has own opinion and religion takes on different representation for each individual
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Interfaith Dialogue
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Meetings between different religious groups in or to address an issue or to help understand each other, pluralist view
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Madonna
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Virgin Mary, Mother of Jesus, sinless, pure, represents the idea of perfect motherly love, important figure in Catholicism
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Manifest Destiny
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Idea that motivated settlers to move west and explore the new frontier, God wanted settlers to move out west and spread the gospel of god to indigenous people (ex: spanish onto Native Americans)
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The Many vs the One
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Idea that in America that blending of cultures introduces two aspects:
- a concept of majority, unity, community - and a concept of variety, different religions |
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Market Economy Theory
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due to religious freedom and competing religions (array of choices), religious culture has to act like a market, needs to find where money comes from, and who to market the church to
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Jeremiah Moore
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Baptist who was put into jail due to no license to preach (because Anglicans were majority), and still preached through the cell bars, represented idea that the more trouble minorities got into, the more popular they became to the masses
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Ordinary Religion
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regulative aspect of religion, day to day workings, within boundaries, this world, rules and regulations (ex: going to church, clothing, food), stay within boundaries (this world to next, or one group to another group), things you have to do to be apart of this group, establishing order
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Agnes Ozman
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January 1, 1901, college student who began talking in tongues, and then it eventually spread to others who all could speak in tongue, considered important founder(or rather started?) of Pentecostalism
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Parish
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church territorial unit under the division of the diocese, incorporates the priest and all the members that attend the church
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Pentecost
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story where fire, violent, loud spirits from Heaven overcame/invaded/took over the physical bodies, the Ultimate Encounter of the Divine, is the center of Pentecostalism
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Pentecostalism
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branch of Protestantism, traced back to Great Awakening, founded in 1901, incorporates emotional extreme, Charismatic, emphasis on spiritual rebirth and recieving gifts of the Holy Spirit, and talking in tongues, testimonies, fast paces, singing, calling/response, music, etc.
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Pluralist
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view of religion as everyone has something to bring to the table, every religion has something to teach, etc.
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Posadas
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scripted, reenactment of the story of Mary/Joseph in their attempt to find lodging before the birth of Jesus, incorporates mythical, experiential, sacred, material, and ritual dimensions, story of wandering, misplaces, immigrant story, so that's why it's important to the Spanish, story of both the Divine (Jesus), and Human (we understand each other)
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Pope/Rome
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important guide or figure in Catholicism, stays in Vatican City, and watches over the entire Catholic Church, Not dictator though because individual churches and priests hold a lot of power
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Puritans/Colonial New England
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members who broke away from the England Church and came to America because they viewed the Church's relationship to Catholicism to be corrupt, Governor is John winthrop, Ideas: opposed religious freedom, establish model Christian community, God has given them this (if succeed then prosper), God was harsh, distant, and punishing, and humans were sinful, weak, and dependent, Ann Hutchinson defied these ideas
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Protestant Individualism/Priesthood of the Believer
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Christian doctrine derived from ideas the all members of the church should be considered priests and have duty to spread the word of God, everyone has duty to excel in their faith
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Religious Orders
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Members of the Catholic religion, who are set apart from society in order for devotion to religion
ex: Benedictines, Franciscans, Jesuits |
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Requerimiento
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written declaration of Spanish militia in 1513 that asserted their sovereignty over Americans. Stated that God gave them power to change religion of Americans to Hispanic Catholicism
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Rite of Passage
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type of ritual signifying the movement from one stage in life to the next
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Sacrament/Sacramental Theology
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7 Special moments in Catholicism (usually Rite of Passages) where presence of God is strongest
-Baptism -Communion -Reconciliation -Confirmation -Ordinance -Annointing of the Sick -Marriage |
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Saint
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A figure (usually in Catholicism) recognized for having an exceptional degree of holiness, sanctity, and virtue
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Secular/ist
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apart from religion, idea of government not being associated with religions, or personally having no belief in religion
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Secularization Theory
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idea though to be true until the 1980s, the more tech/modern a society becomes, the less religious it will get (has pattern in Europe, but not US)
-possibly because competing religions |
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Statue Of Liberation
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statue of liberty holding a cross rather than a torch, created controversy over whether America was pluralist or a "Christian Nation"
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Virgin of Guadalupe
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Spanish, fiesty, middle aged version of mary who visited Juan Diego (poor uneducated man) and told him to build a church, Bishop says no, so she appears on apron and convinces Bishop. introduced doctrine that God can visit anyone even the oppressed
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George Whitfield
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Reintroduced idea of spiritual revival, traveled across America, stood up and spoke sermons from the heart, not welcomed in Anglican churches, so preached on the fields, orator, dramatist, first American celebrity, introduced realization we are the people and in control, no one but God has authority over us
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John Winthrop
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governor of Puritan colony, represented traditional puritan ideals, believes God speaks through Bible, and the bible is interpreted through the individual, salavation should not be assured, Hell is destiny, Ann Hutchinson threatens the order of our society and should be banished
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