Test I

Front 1

Who was the first person to see bacterial cells with the microscope?

Back 1

Leeuwenhoek

Front 2

What process was studied by Redi and Spallanzani?

Back 2

Spontaneous generation

Front 3

The process of____ involve inoculation of dried smallpox scabs under the skin

Back 3

Variolation

Front 4

What is the name for the field of study established by Semmelweis and Snow in the mid-1800s?

Back 4

Epidemiology

Front 5

Around what time did biology start being studied?

Back 5

Around the 1800s

Front 6

Six elements essential to the survival living organisms

Back 6

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur

Front 7

Important trace elements

Back 7

Manganese, iron, copper, zinc

Front 8

Charge associated with protons and neutrons

Back 8

Protons bear one positive electrical charge and neutrons have no charge

Front 9

Charge associated with electrons

Back 9

Negative

Front 10

Adams of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called

Back 10

Isotopes

Front 11

Isotopes that are unstable and give of energy in the form of radiation are called

Back 11

Radio isotopes

Front 12

If an uncharged Adam gains or loses electrons the resulting atom is called

Back 12

An ion

Front 13

The loss or gain of a proton results in

Back 13

A different element

Front 14

The loss or gain of a neutron results in

Back 14

An isotope

Front 15

The loss or gain of electron results in

Back 15

An ion

Front 16

Negatively charged ion is called

Back 16

Anion

Front 17

A positively charged ion is called

Back 17

Cation

Front 18

When one atom gives up its valence electron to another this results in the formation of

Back 18

Ionic bond

Front 19

Glucose molecular formula

Back 19

C6H12O6

Front 20

Nonpolar covalent bonds form

Back 20

Hydrocarbons

Front 21

The formation of maltose is based on what type of reaction

Back 21

Dehydration reaction

Front 22

Glucose + glucose

Back 22

Maltose

Front 23

The reef formation of two glucose molecules from maltose is because of what type of reaction

Back 23

Hydrolysis reaction

Front 24

The sum of all chemical reactions in cells, including dehydration and hydrolysis reaction's is referred to as

Back 24

Cell metabolism

Front 25

What is he is to Preevent pH

Back 25

Buffers

Front 26

Name the organic compounds

Back 26

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Front 27

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of

Back 27

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Front 28

Carbohydrate functions

Back 28

Some carbohydrates function of meter fuel sources in cells, whereas other carbohydrates function of structural molecules present in cell walls and nucleic acid

Front 29

Simple sugars are called

Back 29

Monosaccharide

Front 30

Simple hexose sugars include

Back 30

Galactose and fructose

Front 31

A five carbon pentose sugar is called

Back 31

Ribose

Front 32

Five carbon sugar is important in the structure of what

Back 32

Nucleic acid's

Front 33

Name the three most common disaccharides

Back 33

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Front 34

What are the two common energy storage polysaccharides and algal and some bacterial cells

Back 34

Starch and glycogen

Front 35

This is a structural polysaccharide that is a component of the cell walls of many single called algae and plants

Back 35

Cellulose

Front 36

What forms the cell walls of fungi

Back 36

Chitin

Front 37

What forms the cell walls of most bacterial cells

Back 37

Peptidoglycan

Front 38

Lipids are used as important_____ I mini micro organisms, but not bacterial species

Back 38

Stored energy sources

Front 39

The majority of lipids are ______,______,_____

Back 39

Fats, phospholipids and sterols

Front 40

What are fats composed of

Back 40

Fat consists of three carbon glycerol molecule and three long chain fatty acid's

Front 41

How many carbons are typically in a fatty acid

Back 41

Between 16 and 18 carbon Atoms

Front 42

Another type of lipid found and cell membrane's is

Back 42

Phospholipids

Front 43

Phospholipids contain how many fatty acid tails attached to glycerol

Back 43

2

Front 44

DNA and rna are composed of repeating monomers called

Back 44

Nucleotides

Front 45

I nucleotide has three components

Back 45

Hey sugar molecule, a phosphate group and a nucleobase

Front 46

DNA and RNA you are covalently join through what type of reaction

Back 46

Dehydration reaction

Front 47

Obligate aerobes

Back 47

Require oxygen to grow

Front 48

Microaerophiles

Back 48

11 low oxygen environment; Treponema padillidum

Front 49

Anaerobes

Back 49

Do not or cannot use oxygen

Front 50

In the glycoxylate bypass, what to carbon compound is added to glycoxalate in order to replenish an important precursor metabolite?

Back 50

Acetyl coA

Front 51

Name the building blocks

Back 51

Rowdy assets, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acid's

Front 52

Production of anabiotic's is most likely to take place in the ____phase

Back 52

Stationary

Front 53

Penicillin controls bacterial growth by

Back 53

Preventing cross-link formation and peptidoglycans

Front 54

Organisms that can use CO2 as only source of carbon

Back 54

Autotrophs

Front 55

Organisms that Messi is organic molecules for carbon

Back 55

Heterotrophs

Front 56

Organisms that use light as a source of energy

Back 56

Phototroph

Front 57

Organisms that use light as a source of energy

Back 57

Phototroph

Front 58

Organisms that oxidize organic matter for energy

Back 58

Chemotrophs

Front 59

Cocci shape

Back 59

Round

Front 60

Two domains prokaryotes

Back 60

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 61

Selective medium contains

Back 61

Ingredients to inhibit growth of certain species and allow the growth of others

Front 62

Differential medium contains

Back 62

Specific chemicals to indicate species that possess or lack a bio chemical process

Front 63

The pour plate isolation method allows

Back 63

Separation of species through dilution of a sample

Front 64

The pour plate isolation method allows

Back 64

Separation of species through dilution of a sample

Front 65

What does turbidity refer to

Back 65

Cloudiness of a sample

Front 66

Lysozyme

Back 66

An antimicrobial enzyme

Front 67

Cofactors commonly required by enzymes

Back 67

Mg2, fe, Zn

Front 68

Feedback inhibition

Back 68

Inhibits an enzyme in the pathway so no product is available to feed the next reaction this is one of the most common patterns of inhibition

Front 69

Noncompetitive inhibition

Back 69

Changing the shape of an active site so the substrate no longer fits

Front 70

Competitive inhibitor

Back 70

Blocking the active site with the attachment of a similar shape molecule so the substrate in a bind

Front 71

ATP is made where in prokaryotes

Back 71

Cell membrane

Front 72

Anaerobic respiration

Back 72

This pathway does glycolysis followed by fermentation

Front 73

Aerobic respiration

Back 73

This pathway includes the processes of my classes, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Front 74

Cellular respiration is a series of what type of pathways

Back 74

Catabolic

Front 75

Describe glycolysis

Back 75

Glycolysis is the splitting of a six carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules

Front 76

What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis

Back 76

2

Front 77

What are the products of glycolysis

Back 77

2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, two NADH

Front 78

Before entering the Krebs cycle, the pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis enter a transition step in which they are converted to

Back 78

Acetyl coA molecules

Front 79

Product of kreb cycle

Back 79

Do you turn of the cycle involves a enzyme controlled reactions. To ATP, two of ADH, and six NADH are produced. Co2 is a waste product

Front 80

What is the complex called when pyruvate gets converted to acetyl coA

Back 80

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Front 81

1 glucose molecule yields what in the kreb cycle

Back 81

Net 10 NADH

Net 2 fadh 2

4 atp

Co2

Front 82

What are the four protein complexes card in the electron transport chain

Back 82

Cytochromes

Front 83

This harnesses the energy from the flowing protons to phosphorylate ADP into ATP

Back 83

ATP synthase