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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
Elements found in a protein |
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Monomer of a protein called |
Amino acid |
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What do proteins do for your body? |
Everything |
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus |
Elements in nucleic acids |
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Monomer of a nucleic acid |
Nucleotide |
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Three parts of a nucleotide |
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base |
SPN |
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The two types of nucleic acids |
DNA, RNA |
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Three ways DNA and RNA differ |
DNA has two chains, RNA has one. DNA's sugar type is deoxyribose, RNA's is ribose. DNA has nitrogen base thymine, RNA has nitrogen base uracil. |
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Base pairing rule for DNA-DNA |
A pairs with T, G pairs with C |
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Base pairing rule for DNA-RNA |
A pairs with U, G pairs with C |
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The British scientist who studies DNA in the 1950's. She used x-ray diffraction to get information about the structure of the DNA molecule. |
Rosalind Franklin |
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The men who used Franklin's images to discover the shape of DNA. They built 3-D models from the information Franklin discovered about the shape of DNA. |
Francis Crick and James Watson |
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Compare the shape and amount of DNA in bacteria to that of an animal. |
Bacteria- singal circular chromosome Animal- many straight chromosomes, and have 1000 times more DNA then bacteria |
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Collection of all chromosomes in an organism or species |
Genome |
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Coiled up piece containing many genes in a row |
Chromosome |
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How many chromosomes do humans have? |
46 |
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Section of DNA that codes for protein |
Gene |
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How many genes are on a chromosome? |
Many. 40 to thousands |
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The process of creating a protein. |
Protein synthesis |
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First sub-process in protein synthesis |
Transcription |
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Transcription occurs in the... |
Nucleus |
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What molecules are needed for transcription? |
DNA, RNA, mRNA, RNA polymerase |
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What molecule is created during transcription? |
mRNA |
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How do the RNA nucleotides know where to attach the template strand of DNA during transcription? |
They follow base pairing rules (they are complementary) |
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The second sub-process in protein synthesis |
Translation |
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Where does translation occur? |
Cytoplasm/ribosome |
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What molecules are needed for this process? (Translation) |
mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, peptide bond, protein |
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What molecule is created during translation? |
Polypeptide chain |
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How many nucleotides make up a codon? |
3 |
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On which molecule can you find q codon? |
mRNA |
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What does a codon code for? |
Amino acid |
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On which molecule can you find an anticodon? |
tRNA |
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What is a long chain of amino acids called? |
Polypeptide chain |
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What must happen to the polypeptide chain before it's a functioning protein? |
Fold into a 3-D shape |
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A change or mistake in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
Mutation |
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What are things that cause mutation? |
Chemicals and radiation, when cells make mistakes when copying DNA for a new cell |
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The two types of gene mutation and how they affect the making of the polypeptide chain |
Point mutation: changes 1 amino acid Frameshift mutation: usually changes every amino acid -- insertion or deletion |
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Four types of chromosomal mutations |
Deletion, duplication, translocation, and inversion |
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Three types of macromolecules |
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids. |
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All polymers(long chains), all have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. All have different forms and functions |
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids |
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