• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/37

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are primitive reflexes?
patterns of movement observed in early stages of development. responses to stimuli. present at and integrated by 6 months
what does integrated mean?
naturally inhibited
what are pathological reflexes?
primitive reflexes that did not become integrated. these reflexes interfere with normal movement.
what are postural , automatic reflexes?
high level responses to various stimuli. the point is to regain and maintain the head and body in the upright position.
what happens to a babies primitive reflexes as it matures?
they decrease
what happens to a babies postural reflexes as the mature?
they appear
what is integration of primitive reflexes?
naturally inhibited reflexes during development
what is persistence of primitive reflexes?
they can cause developmental delay because they last longer than normal expected time of integration.
what is reemergence of primitive reflexes?
primitive reflexes can reemerge after injury to the brain. now showing up again.
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
bow and arrow position

stimulus: head position turned to one side

response: UE and LE on face side are extended
UE and LE on scalp/skull side are reflexed
spine curved with convexity twd face side

normal age of response: birth to 6 months
ATNR interferes with?
feeding, visual tracking,midline use of hands, bilateral hand use, rolling development of crawling, can lead to skeletal deformities.
Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)
stimulus: head position, flexion or extension. Baby is prone

response: when head is flexed- UE are flexed, LE extended. when head is in extension- UE are extended, LE flexed. onset 4-6 months

normal age of response: 6-8months
STNR interferes with?
ability to prop arms in prone . crawling . sitting balanced when looking around. use of hands when looking at object in hands in sitting.
tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
stimulus: position of labyrinth in inner saris reflected in head position.

response: in supine, body and extremities are held in extension. in prone , body and extremities are held in flexion.

normal age of response: birth to 6 months
galant refex
stimulus :touch to skin along spine from shoulder to hip

response: lateral flexion of trunk to one side of stimulus

normal age: 30 wks of gestation to 2 months
what does gestation mean?
normal gestation is 40 weeks in the womb. time in the womb.
why are postural reflexes important?
it helps regulate and distribute tone, equilibrium, and balance reactions
Neck righting
stimulus: child turns his head

response: body will re align itself with head

functional implication: neck is the first body part to rotate
neck righting: neonatal
s: head is turned

R: body rotates as a whole

FI: prevents suffocation when infants in prone

O: 0-10 days

I: 4-6 mo
Neck righting: 4-6 mo
S: head is turned

R: body follows with rotation seen between the pelvis and shoulders

F: segmented rolling

O: 4-6 mo
Head righting
head will always attempt to align itself to a vertical position with the floor

O; 3-5 months

FI: neck muscles are stimulated and developed from neck righting reactions.
Labyrinthine righting
head rights itself in relation to gravity
optical or visual righting
head rights in relation to visual horizontal
Body righting
when one body part is displaced in relation to the others, the child will roll until there is complete body alignment
Body on Head righting
when the supporting surface is moved , the infant rights the head twd the vertical

if the trunk is rotated the head will have a tendency to follow
Body on Body righting
if the pelvis is rotated, the shoulders will tend to follow the pelvis

if the shoulders are rotated the pelvis follows.
Landau reaction
s: child is suspended in prone position, supported under lower chest

R: child will right the head followed by extension of the spine and hips

O: 6 mo

FI: leads to stability to sit without support, development of spine and trunk extensors

I: 12-24 mo
Forward protective reaction
child is sitting and falls forward, shoulders will flex, arms extend and abduct, hands open

when hands contact surface, UE supports body on hands
Sideways support reaction
child is sitting and body falls to side, arm on that side abducts and extends
Backward support reaction
when child is sitting and falls backward, shoulders and arms extend and hands open
Protective extension reaction
when body is suspended head first toward the ground and the arms extend and abduct to protect the head.
reflex scoring: absent
0
reflex scoring: tone change, no movement of ext.
1+
reflex scoring: visible movement of extremity
2+
reflex scoring: exaggerated full movement of ext
3+
reflex scoring: obligatory and sustained movement lasting for more than 30 sec.
4+
a present developmental reflex beyond its integration period is considered what?
abnormal