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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are primitive reflexes?
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patterns of movement observed in early stages of development. responses to stimuli. present at and integrated by 6 months
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what does integrated mean?
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naturally inhibited
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what are pathological reflexes?
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primitive reflexes that did not become integrated. these reflexes interfere with normal movement.
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what are postural , automatic reflexes?
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high level responses to various stimuli. the point is to regain and maintain the head and body in the upright position.
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what happens to a babies primitive reflexes as it matures?
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they decrease
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what happens to a babies postural reflexes as the mature?
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they appear
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what is integration of primitive reflexes?
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naturally inhibited reflexes during development
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what is persistence of primitive reflexes?
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they can cause developmental delay because they last longer than normal expected time of integration.
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what is reemergence of primitive reflexes?
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primitive reflexes can reemerge after injury to the brain. now showing up again.
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asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
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bow and arrow position
stimulus: head position turned to one side response: UE and LE on face side are extended UE and LE on scalp/skull side are reflexed spine curved with convexity twd face side normal age of response: birth to 6 months |
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ATNR interferes with?
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feeding, visual tracking,midline use of hands, bilateral hand use, rolling development of crawling, can lead to skeletal deformities.
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Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)
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stimulus: head position, flexion or extension. Baby is prone
response: when head is flexed- UE are flexed, LE extended. when head is in extension- UE are extended, LE flexed. onset 4-6 months normal age of response: 6-8months |
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STNR interferes with?
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ability to prop arms in prone . crawling . sitting balanced when looking around. use of hands when looking at object in hands in sitting.
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tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
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stimulus: position of labyrinth in inner saris reflected in head position.
response: in supine, body and extremities are held in extension. in prone , body and extremities are held in flexion. normal age of response: birth to 6 months |
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galant refex
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stimulus :touch to skin along spine from shoulder to hip
response: lateral flexion of trunk to one side of stimulus normal age: 30 wks of gestation to 2 months |
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what does gestation mean?
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normal gestation is 40 weeks in the womb. time in the womb.
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why are postural reflexes important?
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it helps regulate and distribute tone, equilibrium, and balance reactions
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Neck righting
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stimulus: child turns his head
response: body will re align itself with head functional implication: neck is the first body part to rotate |
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neck righting: neonatal
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s: head is turned
R: body rotates as a whole FI: prevents suffocation when infants in prone O: 0-10 days I: 4-6 mo |
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Neck righting: 4-6 mo
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S: head is turned
R: body follows with rotation seen between the pelvis and shoulders F: segmented rolling O: 4-6 mo |
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Head righting
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head will always attempt to align itself to a vertical position with the floor
O; 3-5 months FI: neck muscles are stimulated and developed from neck righting reactions. |
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Labyrinthine righting
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head rights itself in relation to gravity
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optical or visual righting
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head rights in relation to visual horizontal
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Body righting
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when one body part is displaced in relation to the others, the child will roll until there is complete body alignment
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Body on Head righting
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when the supporting surface is moved , the infant rights the head twd the vertical
if the trunk is rotated the head will have a tendency to follow |
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Body on Body righting
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if the pelvis is rotated, the shoulders will tend to follow the pelvis
if the shoulders are rotated the pelvis follows. |
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Landau reaction
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s: child is suspended in prone position, supported under lower chest
R: child will right the head followed by extension of the spine and hips O: 6 mo FI: leads to stability to sit without support, development of spine and trunk extensors I: 12-24 mo |
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Forward protective reaction
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child is sitting and falls forward, shoulders will flex, arms extend and abduct, hands open
when hands contact surface, UE supports body on hands |
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Sideways support reaction
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child is sitting and body falls to side, arm on that side abducts and extends
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Backward support reaction
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when child is sitting and falls backward, shoulders and arms extend and hands open
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Protective extension reaction
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when body is suspended head first toward the ground and the arms extend and abduct to protect the head.
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reflex scoring: absent
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0
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reflex scoring: tone change, no movement of ext.
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1+
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reflex scoring: visible movement of extremity
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2+
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reflex scoring: exaggerated full movement of ext
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3+
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reflex scoring: obligatory and sustained movement lasting for more than 30 sec.
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4+
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a present developmental reflex beyond its integration period is considered what?
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abnormal
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