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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crystalloids |
Have normal F&E found in body, no proteins, treat dehydration, maintain fluids, promote urinary flow Can cause edema, dilute plasma protein, effects are short-lived, can worsen acidosis or alkalosis Normal saline=.9%NaCl(isotonic) Hypertonic saline=3%NaCl(ICF-->ECF) Half normal saline=.45%NaCl(ECF-->ICF) Lactated ringer's D5W |
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Colloids |
Inc. COP, ICF-->ECF, inc. blood volume, for plasma volume expansion, acute liver failure, acute nephrosis, burns, renal dialysis, shock, has rapid onset w/ long duration, no O2 carrying, no clotting factors, dilutes plasma protein concentration, are protein substances, blood proteins Albumin 5% & 25% Dextran 40 |
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Blood Products |
O2 carrying resuscitation fluids, inc. tissue oxygenation, inc. plasma volume, most expansive, least available, inc. COP & PV, pull ECF-->ICF, admin. w/ normal saline only, w/in 30 mins. hang over 4 hrs. Incompatibility, transmission of pathogens, stop w/ chills, fever, back pain, tachycardia, hypotension,allergic reaction, cough, SOB, crackles, or distended veins For anemia, deficits, & 25% blood loss |
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Potassium |
For hypokalemia(<3.5mEq/L), inadequate dietary needs, corticosteroids, crash diets, diarrhea, diuretics, laxatives, vomiting Symptoms: anorexia, hypotension, lethargy, confusion, weakness, nausea, dysrhythmias Can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, phlebitis Toxicity: give calcium gluconate or chloride or sodium polystyrene sulfonate or sodium bicarbonate *Mix w/ lots of fluid! |
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Sodium |
For hyponatremia(<135mEq/L), perspiration, diarrhea, vomiting Symptoms: lethargy, hypotension, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures Mild severity=oral NaCl, Severe=3%NaCl Can cause nausea, vomiting, cramps, phlebitis Toxicity: inc. fluids, diet, diuretics, IV dextrose |
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NSAID Saicylates: Acetylsalicylic Acid(ASA) |
Imp: prophylactic for coronary & stoke risk factors Indication: headache, neuralgia, arthralgia Ad. Effects: hearing loss, tinnitus, inc. HR, ringing in ears(can regulate w/ acid & base or electrolytes) Imp: inc. bleeding, don't use in children(reye's), w/ food, no blood thinners |
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NSAID Acetic Acid Derivative: Ketorolac |
MOA: analgesia comparable to narcotics Indication: can use in patients opiate addicted for pain relief Ad. Effects: renal impairment, GI pain, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion, seizures, N/V, bleeding(charcoal can help) Imp: only use for 5 days max, contraindicated my renal failure, can take antacids or w/ food |
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NSAID Propionic Acid Derivative: Ibuprofen |
Indication: analgesic for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, musculoskeletal & dental pain, also an antipyretic Ad. Effects: GI pain, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion, seizures, N/V, bleeding(charcoal) Imp: don use on daily basis, w/ food |
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NSAID Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor: Celecoxib |
MOA: cox-2 selectively, dec. inflammatory process & doesn't effect GI Imp: avoid if allergic to sulfa, report edema or palpitations, w/ food, charcoal if toxicity |
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NSAID Enolic Acid Derivative: Nabumetone |
Indication: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis Ad. Effects: more tolerable, less GI problems Imp: w/ food, stop one week before surgery |
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Anti-Gout: Allopurinol |
MOA: prevents uric acid production, inhibits enzyme xanthine oxidase Ad. Effects: anemia, serious skin conditions, diarrhea, stomach pain, agranulocytosis Imp: avoid caffeine, hydrate, serum uric acid levels, I&O, w/ food, no alcohol or caffeine |
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Anti-Gout: Colchicine |
MOA: reduces inflammatory response to irate crystal deposits, powerful inhibitor of mitosis-short term leukopenia Ad. Effects: mild GI bleeding, UT bleeding, diarrhea, stomach pain Imp: short term treatment, w/ food, I&O, serum uric acid levels, hydrate, no alcohol or caffeine |
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Antirheumatic: Adalimmumab |
MOA: neutralizes & prevents action of tumor necrosis factor, anti-inflammatory & immune responses
Indication: rheumatoid arthritis failed to respond to other treatment Ad. Effects: IV reaction, UTI, upper RTI Imp: hydrate, report sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, fever >105, fatigue, anorexia, edema, & bleeding |
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Antirheumatic: Methotrexate |
MOA: anticancer drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, interfere w/ folic acid metabolism, inhibits DNA synthesis & cell reproduction Ad. Effects: bone marrow suppression, anorexia, N/V, inc. infections Imp: CBC's, renal & liver function tests, avoid direct sunlight, use soft toothbrush, folic acid supplements, no aspirin, hydrate, don't take if pregnant |
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Antirheumatic: Leflunomide |
MOA: antimetabolite, inhibits enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis, antiproliferative immune-suppressive & antiinflammatory for RA Indication: diarrhea, nausea, alopecia, rash, RTI Imp: asses for latex allergy, w/ food, watch weight/edema, takes 3-6 weeks to work |
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Antirheumatic: Hydrooxychloroquine |
MOA: antimalarial-inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting DNA & RNA polymerase, antiinflammatory Ad. Effects: headache, visual problems, alopecia Imp: don't take if patient has previous visual damage, avoid direct sunlight, hydrate |
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Antirheumatic: Etanercept |
MOA: TNF- blocking, binds to TNF-deactivates Ad. Effects: headache, URI, site reactions Imp: don't use w/ sepsis, lactation, or active infections, monitor for infections, therapeutic if patient can get up & move around |
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Immunosuppressant Purine Antagonist: Azathioprine |
MOA: dec. & prevents response & suppresses system, suppress T-lymphocyte cell lines & prevent immune involvement Indication: organ rejection prophylaxis, MS, RA, systemic lupus(IBS) Ad. Effects: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity Imp: don't use w/ renal/ hepatic failure, hypertension, or radiation, asses WBC and platelets, watch bleeding, no vaccines, avoid direct sunlight, effects BC, w/ food, same time each day, life long treatment, no grapefruit, herbals, or K |
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Immunosuppressant Calcineurin Inhibitor: Cyclosporine |
MOA: dec. & prevents response & suppresses system, suppress T-lymphocyte cell lines & prevent immune involvement Indication: organ rejection prophylaxis, MS, RA, systemic lupus(IBS) Ad. Effects: hypertension, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, post-transplant diabetes, flushing, wheezing, rash Imp: don't use w/ renal/ hepatic failure, hypertension, or radiation, no grapefruit, K, herbals, or vaccines, w/ food, effects BC, mix w/ milk, OJ, or dilute w/ NS or D5W, life-long treatment, CBC's, serum and organ function tests, assess BP |
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Immunosuppressant Monoclonal Antibody: Muromonab CD3 |
MOA: dec. & prevents response & suppresses system, suppress T-lymphocyte cell lines & prevent immune involvement Indication: organ rejection prophylaxis, MS, RA, systemic lupus(IBS) Ad. Effects: chest pain, pyrexia, dyspnea, wheezing Imp: no grapefruit, vaccines, direct sunlight, herbals, K, w/ food, same time each day, effects BC, baseline temp., respirations, weight |
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Chemotherapy: Methotrexate |
MOA: chemical agent used to treat disease Indication: solid tumors & management of acute lymphocytic leukemia & lymphomas, immunosuppressant good for RA & psoriasis Ad. Effects: bone marrow suppression, GI upset, N/V, fatigue, skin reactions, cognitive problems, neuropathy, organ toxicity, falls, hot flashes Imp: monitor labs, premedicate w/ antiemetics, report temp. 100.5, use different toilet, handle carefully, flush twice, no sexual activity Antidote: Leucovorin |
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Biologic Therapy or Immunotherapy: Interferon Alfa-2a |
MOA: uses immune system to fight cancer or lessen side effects caused by same cancer treatments Indication: hep. C, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS- sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia Ad. Effects: bone marrow suppression, inc. infection, GI upset, N/V, fatigue, skin reactions, neuropathy, cognitive impairment, organ toxicity, hot flashes Imp: labs, premeditate w/ antiemetics, report 100.5, use separate toilets, flush twice, handle carefully, no sexual activity |
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Targeted: Rituximab |
MOA: agents developed to inhibit or modify specific molecules on or inside cancer cells, alter pathways(direct basic cell function) Indication: follicular low grade lymphoma Ad. Effects: bone marrow suppression, inc. infection, GI upset, N/V, fatigue, skin reactions, neuropathy, cognitive impairment, organ toxicity, hot flashesImp: labs, premeditate w/ anti emetics & acetaminophen, report 100.5, use separate toilets, flush twice, handle carefully, no sexual activity |
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Hormonal Agents: Tamoxifen |
MOA: blocks stimulating effect of hormones, slowing or stopping progression of cancer Indication: advanced breast cancer, may prevent breast cancer, pancreatic tumor, breast tumor, or retropenitoneal fibrosis Ad. Effects: bone marrow suppression, inc. infection, GI upset, N/V, fatigue, skin reactions, neuropathy, cognitive impairment, organ toxicity, hot flashesImp: labs, premeditate w/ antiemetics, report 100.5, use separate toilets, flush twice, handle carefully, no sexual activity |
