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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GLYCOLYSIS |
BEGINS THE PROCESS OF RELEASING BIOLOGICALLY-USEFUL ENERGY FROM A MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE WHEN IT ENTERS THE CYTOSOL OF OUR CELLS |
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Where does glycolysis occur? |
THAT GLYCOLYSIS OCCURS IN THE CYTOSOL OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS |
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION |
IS THE SERIES OF THE ENTIRE – CONNECTED CATABOLIC PROCESS OUR CELLS USE TO RELASE AND CAPTURE ENERGY FROM FOOD MOLECULES WHEN OXYGEN (O2 ) IS AVAILBLE |
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What the result of the catabolism of glucose molecules? |
THE CATABOLISM OF ONE GLUCOSE MOLECULE UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS RESULTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ~30-38 ATP MOLECULES |
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GLYCOLYSIS |
(“SUGAR SPLITING ) IS THE CATABOLIC PROCESS IN THE CYTOSOL THAT BEGINS TO REALESE USEFUL ENERGY FROM GLUCOSE |
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ATP during clycolysis? |
THE ATP MADE DURING GLYCOLYSIS DRIVES MANY ENDERGONIC REACTIONS |
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Clycolysis |
-IT CONSISTS OF 10 ENZYMES IN THE CYTOSOL -THESE 10 ENZYMES TYPICALLY ASSOCIATE WITH ONE ANOTHER -THE RATE OF GLYCOLYSIS IS 100X-200X FASTER IN CANCER CELLS |
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THE ENERGY-INVESTMENT PHASE REACTIONS OF GLYCOSIS |
EACH ENZYME REQUIRES AN ATP MOLECULE AS A SUBSTRATE |
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THE ENERGY-PAYOFF PHASE REACTIONS OF GLYCOLYSIS |
THESE THREE ENZYMES PRODUCE ENERGY-RICH PRODUCTS - 4 ATP MOLECULES -2 NADH MOLECULES -2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES |
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A PHOSPHATE (PO4) GROUP |
IS ADDED TO ADP TO MAKE ATP DURING THE ENERGY-PAYOFF PHASE REACTIONS |
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What makes ATP? |
PHOSPHOGLYCERO-KINASE AND PYRUVATE KINASE |
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THE ACTIVE SITE |
DIRECTLY TRANSFERS A PHOSPHATE GROUP FROM A CARBOHYDRATE TO ADP TO FORM ATP. THIS IS CALLED SUBSTRATE-LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION. |
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SUBSTRATE –LEVEL |
PHOSPHORLATION IS ONE THE TWO MECHANISM THAT CEL USE TO MAKES ATP |
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How's ATP made? |
BY ADDING A PHOSPHATE (PO4) GROUP TO ADP |
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What does Glyclosysis produce for one glucose molecule? |
- 4 ATP MOLECULES -2 NADH MOLECULES -2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES |
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WHICH ENERGY-RICH COMPOUND PROVIDES THE ENERGY TO DRIVE THE ENERGY-INVESTMENT REACTIONS OF GLYCOLYSIS ? |
ATP |
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WHICH THREE, ENERGY-RICH COMPOUNDS ARE PRODUCED DURING THE ENERGY-PAYOFF PHASE OF GLYCOLYSIS ? |
atp, nadh, pyruvate |
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DURING THE ENERGY-PAYOFF PHASE, DO PHOSPHOGLYCERO-KINASE AND PYRUVATE KINASE ADD A PHOSPHATE (PO4) GROUP TO ADP TO FORM ATP ? |
YES, SUBESTER LEVEL PHOSPHLATION |
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What regulates the rate of glycosis? |
-THE REGULATION OF THE ENZYME PHOSPHOFRUCTTOKINASE (PFK) CONTROLS THE RATE OF GLYCOSIS -HEXOKINASE AND PYRUVATE KINASE ALSO CAN BE REGULATED TO CONTROL THE RATE OF GLYCOLYSIS |
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What are allosteric regulators of PFK? |
AMP, ATP, AND CITRATE ARE ALLOSTERIC REGULATORS OF PFK |
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THE CARBOHYDRATES OF GLYCOLYSIS – “GOODNESS GRACIOUS, FARMER FRED DID GO BY PICKING PUMPKINS (TO) PREPARE PIES” |
–GLUCOSE (GOODNESS) -GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE (GRACIOUS) -FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE (FARMER) -FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE (FRED) -DIHYDROXYACETONE-PHOSPHATE (DID) -GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE (GO) -1,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE (BY) -3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE (PICKING) -2-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE (PUMPKINS) -PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE (PREPARE) -PYRUVATE (PIES) |
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THE ENZYMES OF GLYCOLYSIS - "HIGH PROFILE PEOPLE ACT INTENTIONALLY TOO PRETENTIOUS, POSING EVERY PLACE" |
-HEXOKINASE (HIGH) -PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE (PROFILE) -PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (PEOPLE) -ALDOLASE (ACT) -ISOMERASE (INTENTIONALLY) -TRIOSE PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (TOO) -PHOSPHOGLYCEROKINASE (PRETENTIOUS) -PHOSPHOGLYCEROMUTASE (POSING) -ENOLASE (EVERY) -PYRUVATE KINASE (PLACE) |
