Test 5

Front 1

The natural system of classifying organisms into kingdoms, phyla, speciee, etc. Is based on

Back 1

Their evolutionary relationships

Front 2

Two kingdoms that contain organisms that are prokaryotes are Archana and the

Back 2

Bacteria

Front 3

Which of these environmental factors varies least with changing depth?

Back 3

Salinity

Front 4

The two major organs in fish used to regulate salt-balance are the

Back 4

Kidney and gills

Front 5

Unlike humans, many shallow water fishes have eyes adapted to detect

Back 5

The same spectrum as humans plus ultraviolet

Front 6

Which of these is least likely to be a limiting factor in the ocean?

Back 6

Carbon dioxide

Front 7

Which of these organisms are endothermic

Back 7

Mammals, birds and few fish

Front 8

The cells of fresh water algae placed in sea water would probably

Back 8

Shrivel

Front 9

The scientific name of the green sea turtle is chelonia midas. Chelonia denotes its:

Back 9

Genus

Front 10

Which kingdom includes the organisms known as extremophiles

Back 10

Archaea

Front 11

A fluids resistance to flow is called:

Back 11

Density

Front 12

The littoral zone of the Marine environment is:

Back 12

The zone between high and low tide

Front 13

The isotope most commonly used to measure rates of photosynthesis is

Back 13

C-14

Front 14

Primary production in the (blank) zone is often characterized by the two blooms - one in the spring and another in the fall

Back 14

Temperate

Front 15

Excessive nutrient runoff from the land into coastal water is called:

Back 15

Eutrophication

Front 16

The drifting lava of clam would be considered

Back 16

Meroplankton

Front 17

The largest (in size) of the Marine primary producers are in the (blank) group

Back 17

Brown algae

Front 18

Which plankton group has high photosynthetic efficiency, a silica frustule, and auxospores?

Back 18

Diatoms

Front 19

Which of these is not produced by photosynthesis?

Back 19

Light energy

Front 20

Which of these is not an autotroph?

Back 20

Coccolithophore

Front 21

A light/dark bottle experiment measures:

Back 21

productivity rates

Front 22

The main factor regulating phytoplankton productivity rates in tropical oceans is:

Back 22

Nutrient availability

Front 23

Which of these is false regarding the compensation depth?

Back 23

Light has become to dim for photosynthesis to occur

Front 24

Jelly fish have the strongest stinging cells and toxins because of

Back 24

Their need to protect their delicate body construction from large prey

Front 25

The so-called oxygen revolution was the result of

Back 25

The evolution of photosynthesis

Front 26

The term phylum is used to classify

Back 26

All animals

Front 27

The term invertebrate is used to describe organisms:

Back 27

Lacking an internal skeletal structure

Front 28

The most primitive "true animals" are the :

Back 28

Sponges

Front 29

Cnidoblasts

Back 29

Stinging cells found in sponged and corals

Front 30

The body plan called radial symmetry

Back 30

Sea anemones and sea stars

Front 31

Pelagic tunica test (salps) feed by:

Back 31

Filtering particles out if the water using mucus nets

Front 32

The annelid worms modify their body structure by adding segments called

Back 32

Metameres

Front 33

The anisakis worm, which parasitic especially fish, belonging to the phylum

Back 33

Nematode

Front 34

The most highly-evolved mollusks are in the class

Back 34

Cephalopoda

Front 35

The arthropod exoskeleton is composed mainly if:

Back 35

Chitin

Front 36

Which of these is not a characteristic of all members of phylum chordata

Back 36

Vertebral colum

Front 37

Which of these is not a filter feeder

Back 37

Sperm whale

Front 38

The sensory system of fishes that detect low frequency vibrations in the surrounding water's called the:

Back 38

Lateral line system

Front 39

Which of these is in order sirenia

Back 39

Not at all!

Front 40

Which of the following have specialised salt glands to concentrate and excrete excess salts from body fluids

Back 40

Sea turtles

Front 41

Tuna, bass, eels, and swordfish are in the most advanced groups of bony fishes:

Back 41

Teleostei

Front 42

Which of these has the highest aspect ratio?

Back 42

Wing of an albatross

Front 43

The largest living fish is:

Back 43

Whale shark

Front 44

Which of these is noted for its remarkable navigation abilites

Back 44

Green sea turtle

Front 45

Which of these does not rely primarily on blubber for insulation?

Back 45

Sea otther

Front 46

Echolocation is most well developed in:

Back 46

Toothed whale

Front 47

Which of these probably has a swim

Back 47

Sea bass

Front 48

Tuna fish, dolphins and penguins have teardrop shaped bodies. This and other adaptations exhibited by marine organisms that swim rapidly, efficiently and for sustained periods.

Back 48

*general shape shared by a wide variety of nektonic organisms that require sustained efficient swimming

*major advantage over other shapes is that is has much less drag because water flows over with less turbulence.

*the dolphin is a mammal and penguin is a bird, so both are homeotherms and can maintain higher metabolic rates because of their higher body temperature. Although most fish are cold-blooded, large Tunas like the bluefin can maintain elevated body temperatures because a counter current blood flow through their muscles captures and retains heat. Elevated body temperature contributes to more efficient swimming in all three

*other adaptations discussed pertain particular to the Tunas and billfish especially and include secretion of mucus or oil that reduces friction and drag, indentation to allow fins to lie flat against the body, reduced scallion and skin that indents to reduce turbulent eddies.

Front 49

List 6 kingdoms of life and give examples

Back 49

1) Archaea: thermophilic, methaogenic and other extremophiles prokaryotes 2) Bacteria: the "true" bacteria including staph, strep, cyanobacteria, and most of the heterotrophic marine bacteria. 3) Protista: diatoms, dinoflagellates, red green, and brown algaes, foraminifera. 4) Fungi: mold, mildew, yeasts, mushroom 5) Plantae: mosses, ferns, vascular plants 6) animals: sponges, jellyfish, worms, mollusk, arthropods, chordates.

Front 50

Primary production

Back 50

It is called primary because it is the way food is manufactured at the base of all food chains. Photosynthesis is the major mechanism of primary production, but some bacteria carry out chemosynthesis.

Front 51

Explain limiting factor

Back 51

Any factor such as temperature, light, and salinity that limits the survival of organisms

Front 52

Photosynthesis

Back 52

Light energy is captured by chlorophyll and used to manufacture sugars -primarily glucose- from simple molecules of carbon dioxide and water. (Also produces oxygen)

Front 53

Diatoms

Back 53

One of the most abundant and efficient of the oceans primary producers and are among the organisms at the lowest tropic level in the food Web that ultimately leads to the tunas

Front 54

Picoplankton

Back 54

They are prokaryotes and their taxonomy is debated. Many such as synechococcus, seem to be cyanobacteria. Account for up to 70% of the primary production in some ocean regions.

Front 55

General patterns of primary production in temperate ocean.

Back 55

* the seasonal changes of temperate oceans produces a characteristic pattern of productivity.

*strengthens during summer, weakening during fall

*water is well mixed and nutrients are brought into the photic zone in the fall and mixing is strong throughout winter.

*sunlight increases in the spring and couples with the already-present nutrients there is a bloom of phytoplankton.

Front 56

8 invertebrate phyla

Back 56

Porifera (sponges)

Cnidaria (sea anemones, jellyfish, etc)

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Nematoda (roundworms)

Annelida (segmented worms)

Mollusca (clams, snails, and octopus)

Arthropods (shrimps, crabs, and lobsters)

Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins, etc)

Front 57

Characteristics of the intertidal zone

Back 57

Part of the shore alternately exposed and submerged by water. Animals living there are exposed to wave stress, desiccation, exposed to air, rapid changes in temperature and salinity, and ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Front 58

Animals in the intertidal zone

Back 58

The most diversity of animal types. Crabs and fishes can move with the changing water levels, staying mostly in the lower intertidal and hiding in crevices and under rocks.

Barnacles and mussels are attached to rocks and cannot move, so they close their shells until the water returns.

Front 59

Two types of primitive chordates

Back 59

Tunicates and amphioxus

Front 60

Tunicates

Back 60

Feed by filtering suspended material from the water through their system