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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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6 Signs of Cardiovascular Disease |
-Dyspnea -Chest Pain -Fatigue -Palpitations -Syncope -Edema |
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Hypertension predisposes you to? |
Myocardial infarction and CVA |
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What is the first line of defense for hypertension? |
Lifestyle changes |
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What is arteriosclerosis? |
Hardening and loss of elasticity of the arteries |
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Atherosclerosis |
Accumulation of plaque on arteries |
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SS of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis |
-Chest pain -Dyspnea -Palpitations -Fainting -Fatigue |
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Bob,76, has arteriosclerosis, and a nurse is about to put ted hose on him. Is this a good idea? |
No pressure on extremities |
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Larry comes to the ER and complains of pain, tingling, numbing and general uncomfortable pain that comes and goes. What may Larry have? |
Peripheral arterial insufficiency/blockage |
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6 P's of ischemia |
-Pain -Pallor -Pulselessness -Parestheseia (Pins and needles) -Paralysis -Poikilothermia (coolness) |
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Peripheral Circulation |
-Venous insufficiency -Phlebitis -Thrombophlebitis -Homan's sign |
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Kara arrives in the ER with fingers that turned white, blue, then red. What is this patriotic illness? |
Raynaud's disease. It mainly occurs in young women |
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Kara's brother Mike comes in thinking he has whatever his sister has, except no color, shock like pain, and sensitivity to cold. This illness ultimately results in fibrosis and scarring that binds arteries, veins, and nerves firmly together. |
Buerger's Disease |
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When it comes to heart failure, what does lung crackles, dyspnea indicate? |
Left-Sided Heart Failure. Could give rise to pulmonary congestion |
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When it comes to heart failure, what does edema, massive weight gain indicate? |
Right Heart failure. |
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What should you do for someone with Right Heart Failure? |
Monitor I&O's First in morning After voiding Same clothes |
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What is DVT? |
Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis. Clot formation deep in veins that impairs circulation. |
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What is hemoglobin and hematocrit? |
-hemoglobin enables the blood to carry oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to alveoli and out
-Hematocrit is the percentage of RBCs in whole blood |
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Polycythemia is? |
Lots of RBCs and fatique |
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What is the largest organ of the lympathic system? |
Spleen |
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Multiple Myeloma |
Deadly cancer of the plasma, most die within 3 months. |
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SS of multiple myeloma |
Skeletal pain Hypercalcemia Pneumonia |
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Digoxin what does it do? |
Increases forces of cardiac contractions Decrease HR |
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You gave Digoxin to a patient and now their pulse is 46. What should you do? |
Notify physician. (If out of normal limits) |
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What is dilitiazem? |
A long-term management of HTN (ca++ Channel blockers) |
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ACE inhibitors prevents angiotensin I to angiotensin II. What does it do? |
Prevents vasocontriction. enalapril, benazepril, captopril. |
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What does Angiotension II receptors do? |
Block angiotension II Block angiotension II Block angiotension II |
-losartan-valsartan |
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Thiazide diuretic agents |
Inhibit na+ reabsorption causing water and sodium excretion. |
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Evan has heart failure, what would a doctor offer to him? |
Loop Diuretics. |
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Hematinic agents do what? |
Treat most forms of anemia |
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Rob is taking a Iron preparation. What should the nurse not give him to drink? |
Milk. Blocks iron absorption. |
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Helen's iron prep caused her to have tarry greenish, black stools. Is this normal? |
Yes. Give liquid with straw. |
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Vitamin B12 treats pernicious anemia where the intrinsic factor. What else does it do? |
Cell growth and replication, production of RBCs and synthesis of myelin. |
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For Folic Acid, what should you tell the patient? |
-Eat organ meats, green leafy vegetables, and fruit -Don't over cook these veggies -May make urine more intensely yellow |
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What is megaloblastic anemia? |
Very large RBCs that die before 120 expectancy. |
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Joe wants an anticoagulant to get rid of his blood clots. What do you tell him? |
Anticoagulants do not treat blood clots, just prevents them |
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What are some side effects of aspirin? |
-GI Bleeding -Tinnitus -Stomach distress -Pain -Vomiiting |
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Is 1300 mg/day high for aspirin? |
No. It can go from 81 mg/day to 1300 mg/day |
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Triclopidine is used to reduce risk of additional stokes in people who has had a stroke. What are some side of effects? |
Neutropenia, agranulocytosis, bleeding |
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What are some examples of anticoagulants? |
Enoxaparin Heparin Warfarin |
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Tinzaparin is made from what? |
Pigs |
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Warfarin inhibits what vitamin? |
K |
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Tara the nurse just injected heparin. She just injected the hematoma, within 2 inches of umbilicus, aspirated for blood, rubbed the site, applied pressure, and monitored PTT and APTT. What is the problem? |
Shouldn't be injected within 2 inches of umbilicus, should not be aspirated for blood. Should not have rubbed the site, nor applied pressure. Rest is fine. |
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Ryan is on anticoagulants. What should you tell him concerning his oral hygiene? |
Use soft bristles. Also use electronic razors. Anything to prevent bleeding. |
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Fibrinolytic agents do what? |
Dissolve blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin (which dissolves fibrin). |
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