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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conditions necessary for: Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium |
1. No Mutation 2. No natural selection (equal survival of genotypes) 3. No genetic drift (pop size is large) 4. No gene flow (no migration) 5. Mating is random (no sexual selection) |
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Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium |
a null hypothesis-assumes evolutionary forces are absent-deviations from equilibrium implies evolution |
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Allele |
different forms of the same gene |
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Polymorphism |
variation in phenotype in population |
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Polymorphic gene |
two or more alleles in population |
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Monomorphic gene |
a single allele (99% of population) |
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Allele frequency |
% of each allele in gene pool |
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Genotype frequency |
% homozygous, heterozygous |
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Phenotype frequency |
% displaying trait |
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Microevolution |
small change over short time |
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Macroevolution |
large changes over long time |
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Stabilizing Selection |
preserves average phenotype |
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Directional Selection |
favors individuals that vary in one direction |
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Disruptive Selection |
favors individuals that vary in opposite directions from the average |
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Balancing Selection |
keeps two traits in a population |
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Population Bottleneck |
population reduced dramatically, surviving population has fewer alleles |
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Founder Effect |
small group colonizes new location, arriving population has fewer alleles |
