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100 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Very level area of the deep ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise is called:

abyssal zone

The portion of the ocean where there is no sunlight is called:

aphotic zone

The marine life zone that includes any sea-bottom surface regardless of its distance from shore is called:

benthic zone

The total mass of defined organism or group of organisms in a particular area or ecosystem is called:

biomass

Mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) is called:

density

The portion of the photic zone near the surface, where light is bright enough for photosynthesis to occur is called:

euphotic zone

A succession of organisms in an ecological community through which food energy is transformed from producer through herbivores and on to one or more carnivores is called:

food chain

A group of interrelated food chains are called:

food web

Open ocean of any depth, a zone where animals swim or float freely is called:

pelagic zone

The upper part of the ocean into which any sunlight penetrates is called:

photic zone

The process by which plants and algae produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll, using light energy and releasing oxygen is called:

photosynthesis

Passively drifting or weakly swimming organisms that cannot move independently of ocean currents are called:

plankton

A layer of water in which there is a rapid change of density with depth is called:

pycnocline

The proportion of dissolved salts to pure water, usually expressed in parts per thousand is called:

salinity

A layer of water in which there is a rapid change in temperature in the vertical dimention is called:

thermocline

A nourishment level in a food chain, where in plant and algae producers constitute the lowest level, followed by herbivores and a series of carnivores at progressively higher level is called:

trophic level

The total amount of solid material dissolved in water is known as:

salinity

The proportion of dissolved substance in seawater is expressed as 0/00, which is the same as:

parts per thousand

The most abundant salt in seawater is:

NaCl

The dissolved material in sea water is thought to originate from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and also from ______________.

outgassing of elements from Earth's interior

Salinity i the ocean is highest in regions where _______________ is high and _____________ is low.

evaporation; precipitation

A rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called:

thermocline

Thermocline in the ocean is best developed at:

lower latitudes

A rapid change in density with depth in the ocean is called:

pycnocline

Most marine animals live near surface of the ocean because of ____________, which supports photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain.

sunlight

The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the:

biomass

Animals capable of moving independently of the ocean current, by swimming or other means of propulsion, are called:

nekton

Organisms that live on or in the ocean bottom are called:

benthos

The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the ________ zone.

photic

The near surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for photosynthesis to occur is called:

euphotic

The area where the land and the ocean meet and overlap is called:

intertidal zone

Productivity is highest in:

temperate oceans

In the food chain, each feeding stage is called:

trophic level

The reflectivity of a substance, usually expressed as a percentage of the incident radiation reflected is called:

albedo

Description of aggregate weather condition that helps to describe a place or a region is called:

climate

The state of the atmosphere at any given time is called:

weather

Air may best be described as:

a mixture

Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

nitrogen

On the average, for every 1km increase in altitude in the atmosphere, the air temperature:

drops about 6.5 degree Celsius

Fifty percent of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below:

3.5 miles (5.6 km)

The tropopause is the boundary between:

the troposphere and stratosphere

The tri-atomic form of oxygen (03) is known as:

ozone

Ozone filters out most of the _____________ radiation in sunlight.

ultraviolet

Ozone is concentrated in the:

stratosphere

The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the:

tropospher

The transfer of heat by the movement of mass or substance, which takes place only in fluids is called:

convection

The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth are:

longer than those emitted by the Sun

The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are:

radio

On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is reflected back to space?

30%

Which one of the following statements is true about equinox?

days and nights are equal in length everywhere

The spring equinox in the Northern hemisphere occurs on:

March 21

The 900 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Cancer on:

June 21

The 900 angle solar rays striking the Tropic of Capricorn on:

December 21

New York City has its greatest length of daylight on:

June 21

The fall equinox in the Southern Hemisphere occurs on:

March 21

Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way:

radiation

Which is the mechanism of heat transfer?

all of these

The transfer of heat through matter by molecular activity is:

conduction

On the average, how much of the Sun's energy is intercepted by the Earth is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds?

20%

The two most important heat absorbing gases in the atmosphere are:

water vapor and carbon dioxide

If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature is 14 degree Celsius, the daily mean would be:

20 degree Celsius

If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 degree Celsius and the minimum is 14 degree Celsius, the daily range would be:

12 degree Celsius

The temperature decrease with altitude in the troposphere is called the __________ lapse rate.

environmental

Which form of radiation do we sense as a heat?

infrred

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater, both dissolved and visible.

False

Halite (sodium chloride) is the most abundant salt found in seawater.

True

Thermocline in the ocean is best developed at lower altitudes.

True

The density of seawater is controlled by temperature and salinity.

True

Planktons are organisms that swim freely in the ocean.

False

The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the photic zone.

True

Productivity in the oceans is highest in the tropical regions.

False

Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels.

True

The emission of water vapor and other gases from volcanoes is called outgassing.

True

Thermocline refers to the change in the salinity with depth in the ocean.

False

Pycnocline is a rapid change in density with depth in the ocean.

True

Plankton includes all organisms that drift with ocean current.

True

Biomass refers to the mass of all plants but not of animals.

False

Earth's atmosphere ends quite abruptly at altitude of 40km.

False

Weather and climate are synonymous terms.

False

Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols.

True

More solar energy is reflected back to space than is absorbed directly by the atmosphere.

True

The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the longer the wavelength of maximum radiation.

False

Snow covered surfaces have a low albedo.

False

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen.

True

The normal environmental lapse rate is 3.50C.

False

Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere.

False

A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen.

False

The state of the atmosphere at any given time and place defines the term climate.

False

The aggregate or composite of weather over a longer period of time best describes the term climate.

True

The form of oxygen that combines three atoms of oxygen into each molecule is called ozone.

True

Oxygen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.

False

The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as rotation.

False

The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as revolution.

True

The transfer of heat by the movement of mass of substance from one place to another is termed radiation.

False

Lines that connect places of equal temperature are called isotherms.

True

Climate is a word used to denote the state of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time.

False

Earth's two principal motions are rotation and revolution.

True

The principal source of atmospheric heat is is terrestrial radiation.

True

Land heats more rapidly than water.

True

Water cools more rapidly than land.

False