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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Very level area of the deep ocean floor, usually lying at the foot of the continental rise is called: |
abyssal zone |
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The portion of the ocean where there is no sunlight is called: |
aphotic zone |
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The marine life zone that includes any sea-bottom surface regardless of its distance from shore is called: |
benthic zone |
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The total mass of defined organism or group of organisms in a particular area or ecosystem is called: |
biomass |
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Mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) is called: |
density |
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The portion of the photic zone near the surface, where light is bright enough for photosynthesis to occur is called: |
euphotic zone |
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A succession of organisms in an ecological community through which food energy is transformed from producer through herbivores and on to one or more carnivores is called: |
food chain |
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A group of interrelated food chains are called: |
food web |
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Open ocean of any depth, a zone where animals swim or float freely is called: |
pelagic zone |
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The upper part of the ocean into which any sunlight penetrates is called: |
photic zone |
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The process by which plants and algae produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll, using light energy and releasing oxygen is called: |
photosynthesis |
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Passively drifting or weakly swimming organisms that cannot move independently of ocean currents are called: |
plankton |
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A layer of water in which there is a rapid change of density with depth is called: |
pycnocline |
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The proportion of dissolved salts to pure water, usually expressed in parts per thousand is called: |
salinity |
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A layer of water in which there is a rapid change in temperature in the vertical dimention is called: |
thermocline |
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A nourishment level in a food chain, where in plant and algae producers constitute the lowest level, followed by herbivores and a series of carnivores at progressively higher level is called: |
trophic level |
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The total amount of solid material dissolved in water is known as: |
salinity |
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The proportion of dissolved substance in seawater is expressed as 0/00, which is the same as: |
parts per thousand |
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The most abundant salt in seawater is: |
NaCl |
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The dissolved material in sea water is thought to originate from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and also from ______________. |
outgassing of elements from Earth's interior |
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Salinity i the ocean is highest in regions where _______________ is high and _____________ is low. |
evaporation; precipitation |
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A rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called: |
thermocline |
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Thermocline in the ocean is best developed at: |
lower latitudes |
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A rapid change in density with depth in the ocean is called: |
pycnocline |
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Most marine animals live near surface of the ocean because of ____________, which supports photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain. |
sunlight |
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The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the: |
biomass |
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Animals capable of moving independently of the ocean current, by swimming or other means of propulsion, are called: |
nekton |
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Organisms that live on or in the ocean bottom are called: |
benthos |
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The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the ________ zone. |
photic |
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The near surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for photosynthesis to occur is called: |
euphotic |
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The area where the land and the ocean meet and overlap is called: |
intertidal zone |
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Productivity is highest in: |
temperate oceans |
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In the food chain, each feeding stage is called: |
trophic level |
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The reflectivity of a substance, usually expressed as a percentage of the incident radiation reflected is called: |
albedo |
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Description of aggregate weather condition that helps to describe a place or a region is called: |
climate |
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The state of the atmosphere at any given time is called: |
weather |
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Air may best be described as: |
a mixture |
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Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? |
nitrogen |
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On the average, for every 1km increase in altitude in the atmosphere, the air temperature: |
drops about 6.5 degree Celsius |
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Fifty percent of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below: |
3.5 miles (5.6 km) |
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The tropopause is the boundary between: |
the troposphere and stratosphere |
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The tri-atomic form of oxygen (03) is known as: |
ozone |
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Ozone filters out most of the _____________ radiation in sunlight. |
ultraviolet |
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Ozone is concentrated in the: |
stratosphere |
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The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the: |
tropospher |
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The transfer of heat by the movement of mass or substance, which takes place only in fluids is called: |
convection |
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The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth are: |
longer than those emitted by the Sun |
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The longest wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are: |
radio |
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On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is reflected back to space? |
30% |
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Which one of the following statements is true about equinox? |
days and nights are equal in length everywhere |
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The spring equinox in the Northern hemisphere occurs on: |
March 21 |
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The 900 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Cancer on: |
June 21 |
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The 900 angle solar rays striking the Tropic of Capricorn on: |
December 21 |
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New York City has its greatest length of daylight on: |
June 21 |
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The fall equinox in the Southern Hemisphere occurs on: |
March 21 |
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Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way: |
radiation |
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Which is the mechanism of heat transfer? |
all of these |
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The transfer of heat through matter by molecular activity is: |
conduction |
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On the average, how much of the Sun's energy is intercepted by the Earth is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds? |
20% |
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The two most important heat absorbing gases in the atmosphere are: |
water vapor and carbon dioxide |
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If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature is 14 degree Celsius, the daily mean would be: |
20 degree Celsius |
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If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 degree Celsius and the minimum is 14 degree Celsius, the daily range would be: |
12 degree Celsius |
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The temperature decrease with altitude in the troposphere is called the __________ lapse rate. |
environmental |
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Which form of radiation do we sense as a heat? |
infrred |
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Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater, both dissolved and visible. |
False |
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Halite (sodium chloride) is the most abundant salt found in seawater. |
True |
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Thermocline in the ocean is best developed at lower altitudes. |
True |
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The density of seawater is controlled by temperature and salinity. |
True |
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Planktons are organisms that swim freely in the ocean. |
False |
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The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the photic zone. |
True |
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Productivity in the oceans is highest in the tropical regions. |
False |
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Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels. |
True |
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The emission of water vapor and other gases from volcanoes is called outgassing. |
True |
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Thermocline refers to the change in the salinity with depth in the ocean. |
False |
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Pycnocline is a rapid change in density with depth in the ocean. |
True |
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Plankton includes all organisms that drift with ocean current. |
True |
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Biomass refers to the mass of all plants but not of animals. |
False |
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Earth's atmosphere ends quite abruptly at altitude of 40km. |
False |
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Weather and climate are synonymous terms. |
False |
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Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols. |
True |
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More solar energy is reflected back to space than is absorbed directly by the atmosphere. |
True |
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The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the longer the wavelength of maximum radiation. |
False |
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Snow covered surfaces have a low albedo. |
False |
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The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is nitrogen. |
True |
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The normal environmental lapse rate is 3.50C. |
False |
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Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere. |
False |
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A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen. |
False |
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The state of the atmosphere at any given time and place defines the term climate. |
False |
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The aggregate or composite of weather over a longer period of time best describes the term climate. |
True |
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The form of oxygen that combines three atoms of oxygen into each molecule is called ozone. |
True |
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Oxygen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere. |
False |
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The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as rotation. |
False |
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The movement of Earth in its orbit around the Sun is referred to as revolution. |
True |
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The transfer of heat by the movement of mass of substance from one place to another is termed radiation. |
False |
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Lines that connect places of equal temperature are called isotherms. |
True |
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Climate is a word used to denote the state of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time. |
False |
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Earth's two principal motions are rotation and revolution. |
True |
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The principal source of atmospheric heat is is terrestrial radiation. |
True |
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Land heats more rapidly than water. |
True |
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Water cools more rapidly than land. |
False |