Test #3 Terms

Front 1

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Back 1

Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place, climate is the weather over a long period of time

Front 2

precipitation

Back 2

falling water droplets in the form of rain, sleet, snow or hail

Front 3

hurricane

Back 3

A clash between air masses over warm, tropical ocean water

Front 4

typhoon

Back 4

a name for a hurricane, commonly used in Asia

Front 5

tornado

Back 5

a powerful, funnel-shaped column of spiraling air that forms quickly

Front 6

blizzard

Back 6

a heavy snowstorm with winds more than 32 mph and reduced visibility

Front 7

drought

Back 7

a long period without precipitation or minimal precitation

Front 8

4 major factors that influence the climate of a region

Back 8

Wind Currents, Ocean Currents, Zones of Latitude, Topography

Front 9

3 general zones of latitude

Back 9

lower or tropical, middle or temperate, high or polar

Front 10

polar

Back 10

cold all year long

Front 11

temperate

Back 11

varying temps

Front 12

elevation

Back 12

distance above sea level

Front 13

El Nino

Back 13

warming of water off the coast the west coast of South America

Front 14

Greenhouse Effect

Back 14

the layer of gases released by the burning of coal and petroleum that traps solar energy, causing higher temps

Front 15

5 Climate zones

Back 15

tropical, dry, mid-latitude, high latitude, highland

Front 16

Desert Subregion

Back 16

can be hot or cold, characterized by rainfall

Front 17

Soil

Back 17

a thin layer of weathered rock, organic humus, air, and water

Front 18

Ecosystem

Back 18

an interdependent community of plants and animals

Front 19

deciduous

Back 19

broadleaf trees, such as maple, oak, birch and cottonwood

Front 20

coniferous

Back 20

needleleaf trees

Front 21

human environment interaction

Back 21

the damage that humans cause to soil and vegetation

Front 22

Culture

Back 22

the total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group

Front 23

society

Back 23

a group that shares a common language, a sense of identity, and its culture

Front 24

ethnic group

Back 24

an identity as a separate group of people within the region where they live

Front 25

innovation

Back 25

taking existing elements of society and creating something new to meet a need

Front 26

diffusion

Back 26

the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns in behavior

Front 27

acculturation

Back 27

when individuals in a society accept or adopt an innovation

Front 28

Five major religions in the world

Back 28

Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism

Front 29

Birth rate

Back 29

the number of live births per thousand population

Front 30

fertility rate

Back 30

average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime

Front 31

mortality rate

Back 31

the number of deaths per thousand

Front 32

rate of natural increase

Back 32

population growth rate

Front 33

rural

Back 33

characteristic of the countryside

Front 34

cities

Back 34

urban town

Front 35

push-pull factors

Back 35

Reasons people migrate,
Push factor: Bad environmental conditions, such as drought
Pull factor: Economic opportunity, such as high salaries

Front 36

population density

Back 36

the average number of people who live in a measurable area

Front 37

carrying capacity

Back 37

number of organisms a piece of land can support

Front 38

State

Back 38

an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs.

Front 39

Nation

Back 39

a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity

Front 40

democracy

Back 40

citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives

Front 41

monarchy

Back 41

a ruling family holds political power

Front 42

dictatorship

Back 42

an individual or group holds political power

Front 43

Communism

Back 43

a system in which nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government

Front 44

natural or physical boundary

Back 44

based on physical features of the land, such as mountains

Front 45

artificial boundary

Back 45

a straight line generally following latitude or longitude lines

Front 46

Three most common local units of government

Back 46

cities, towns, villages

Front 47

suburbs

Back 47

political units touching the borders of the central city

Front 48

exurbs

Back 48

smaller cities or towns with land between them and the central city

Front 49

urbanization

Back 49

dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle

Front 50

residential

Back 50

single-family housing and apartments

Front 51

industrial

Back 51

areas reserved for the manufacturing of goods

Front 52

commercial

Back 52

areas used for private businesses and the buying and selling of retail products

Front 53

central business district (CBD)

Back 53

core of the city, the commercial activity

Front 54

economy

Back 54

the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people

Front 55

traditional economy

Back 55

the trade of goods and services without exchanging money

Front 56

command economy

Back 56

production of goods is determined by a central government

Front 57

market economy

Back 57

the production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers

Front 58

Infrastructure

Back 58

consists of basic support systems needed to keep an economy going

Front 59

per capita income

Back 59

the average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit

Front 60

Gross National Product (GNP)

Back 60

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year

Front 61

Gross Domestic Product

Back 61

The value of goods produced within a country over a year