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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What two portions is the respiratory system divided into?
Conducting Portion
Respiratory Portion
Where is the Conducting Portion?
From nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles.
Where is the Respiratory Portion?
From respiratory bronchioles through alveoli.
What are the main functions of the Conducting Portion?
To clean, moisten and warm the air before it gets to the Respiratory Portion.
Much of the conducting portion is lined with _____ epithelium which is really a _____ epithelium with ____ cells.
Respiratory Epithelium
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Goblet cells
What are the five types of cells in the respiratory epithelium?
1. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Basal cells
4. Small granule (K) cells
5. Brush cells
What are Basal cells and where would you find these?
These are found in the Respiratory Epithelium. They are small and round and differentiate into the other cell types.
Small Granule (K) Cells
Where?
Function?
Neuroendocrine cells of the Respiratory Epithelium
May effect goblet cell mucous secretion and ciliary activity.
These cells of the Respiratory Epithelium have microvilli and are thought to be a type of chemoreceptor.
Brush cells
Underlying the respiratory epithelium and the basement membrane is a layer of CT called the ____.
Lamina Propria
What two portions is the respiratory system divided into?
Conducting Portion
Respiratory Portion
Where is the Conducting Portion?
From nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles.
Where is the Respiratory Portion?
From respiratory bronchioles through alveoli.
What are the main functions of the Conducting Portion?
To clean, moisten and warm the air before it gets to the Respiratory Portion.
Much of the conducting portion is lined with _____ epithelium which is really a _____ epithelium with ____ cells.
Respiratory Epithelium
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
Goblet cells
What are the five types of cells in the respiratory epithelium?
1. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Basal cells
4. Small granule (K) cells
5. Brush cells
What are Basal cells and where would you find these?
These are found in the Respiratory Epithelium. They are small and round and differentiate into the other cell types.
Small Granule (K) Cells
Where?
Function?
Neuroendocrine cells of the Respiratory Epithelium
May effect goblet cell mucous secretion and ciliary activity.
These cells of the Respiratory Epithelium have microvilli and are thought to be a type of chemoreceptor.
Brush cells
Underlying the respiratory epithelium and the basement membrane is a layer of CT called the ____.
Lamina Propria
What is the name for the anterior part of the nasal cavity?
Vestibule
In the nasal cavity, coarse hairs called ___ filter the larger particles.
Vibrissae
The epithelium of the nasal cavity begins as ____ in the anterior vestibule and then changes to a ____ further on.
Stratified Squamous keratinized
Stratified Squamous Non-keratinized
The lateral of the nasal cavity have three bony projections called the ___, ____, and ___, to increase surface area.
Superior Conchae
Middle Conchae
Inferior Conchae
The inferior and middle conchae are covered with a ____ epithelium. The superior conchae is covered with a _____ epithelium.
Respiratory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Where would you find swell bodies?
The lamina propria of the respiratory epithelium lining the inferior and middle conchae.
Where are the receptors for smell located?
Located in the olfactory epithelium that lines the superior conchae.
What are the three cell types of the olfactory epithelium?
1. Sustentacular cells
2. Basal cells
3. Olfactory cells (bipolar sensory neurons)
Olfactory cells are what type of neurons?
Bipolar sensory neurons
Olfactory Cells (bipolar sensory neurons)
The cilia at the apex of these cells act as receptors for ____. The axons of these cells form ____ that carries olfactory information into the CNS.
Chemical Stimuli
Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory Nerve)
Where would you find Bowman's Glands and what type of secretion do these have?
Under the olfactory epithelium
Mostly serous
Paranasal Sinuses are lined with a thin _____. Their secretions are moved into the nasal cavity by ____.
Respiratory Epithelium
Cilia
The nasopharynx is lined with ____ epithelium.
Respiratory Epithelium
Oropharynx:
Because it is also part of the digestive system, it is subject to ____.
It is lined with ____ epithelium.
abrasion
stratified squamous nonkeratinized
The larynx is responsible for ____. The epithelium is mainly a ____.
voice production
respiratory epithelium
The lamina propria of the respiratory epithelium of the larynx contains _____ glands and ____.
muco-serous glands
cartilages
What type of cartilage makes up the laryngeal cartilages?
Hyaline (the large cartilage)
Elastic (the smaller cartilages)
During swallowing, the larynx is pulled ____. The epiglottis is pushed ____.
The larynx is pulled up beneath the back of the tongue.
The epiglottis is pushed backward by the tongue and serves as a cap over the laryngeal inlet.
What kind of epithelium covers the epilottis?
Upper part is stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium.
Lower surface is respiratory epithelium.
The lamina propria of the epiglottis contains ____ glands and ___ cartilage.
Muco-serous glands
Elastic
Below the epiglottis are two sets of folds of mucous membranes. The upper set is the ____. The lower set is the ____.
False Vocal Cords
True Vocal Cords
What epithelium lines the:
False Vocal Cords
True Vocal Cords
Respiratory Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized Epithelium
The lamina propria of the False Vocal Cords contains ____. THe lamina propria of the True Vocal Cords contains ____.
Muco-serous glands
Vocal ligaments and vocalis muscle.
What is the function of the vocalis muscle?
It produces different voice frequencies by varying the tension of the true vocal cords.
The vocal cords are devoid of _____ which delays the spread of cancer.
Lymphatics
What hapens to the vocal cords during coughing?
The TRUE vocal cords are first adducted (close together) to raise the intrathoracic pressure. Then they are suddendly abducted resulting in the sudden release of the compressed air.
What can cause voice impairment in laryngitis?
Edema of the mucous membrane (mucosa) covering the vocal cords.
The lining of the trachea is ____ epithelium.
Respiratory Epithelium
The lamina propria of the trachea contains ____ glands and ____ cartilages.
Muco-serous glands
C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
What muscle lies between the ends of the C-shaped cartilages of the trachea? What is its function here?
Trachealis Muscle
It allows the tracheal lumen to constrict during coughing to help make the air exit more forcefully.
What type of ligament connects the ends of the C-shaped cartilages of the trachea? What is its function?
Fibroelastic Ligament
prevents over distension of the trachea
The Primary Bronchi are similar in structure to the trachea except that ___?
The cartilage rings are complete now, rather than C-shaped.
What type of epithelium lines the bronchi?
Respiratory epithelium
The lamina propria of the bronchi contains ___ glands, ____ fibers, and _____ muscle that spirals around the bronchi.
Muco-serous glands
Elastic Fibers
Smooth Muscle
Bronchioles have a diameter of less than ___ mm.
5 mm
What type of epithelium covers bronchioles?
Simple ciliated columnar or cuboidal
The lamina propria of the bronchioles and terminal bronchioles has what features? What does it lack?
Has elastic fibers and smooth muscle.
Does NOT have glands or cartilage.
Bronchioles
PSNS stimulation causes?
SNS causes?
PSNS- (Vagus Nerve) decreases the diameter of bronchioles
SNS- (Epi) increases the diameter
These denote the end of the conducting portion of the respiratory system.
Terminal bronchioles
What epithelium covers the terminal bronchioles?
Simple ciliated columnar to cuboidal
Where would you find Clara cells?
In the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles and the respiratory bronchioles.
What is the function of Clara cells?
They have secretory granules of surfactant to lower surface tension. Also may detox pollutants and serve as cell progenitors.
What type of epithelium is this?
Pseudostratified columnar
Respiratory Epithelium
What is the structure on the left?
What is the cartilage shown?
Trachea
Hyaline Cartilage
What is the structure on the left?
What is the cartilage shown?
Trachea
Hyaline Cartilage
This is the trachea.
What is circled?
Trachealis Muscle
What type of cells are lining the bronchiole seen here?
Clara cells
What is the structure in the middle? What surrounds it?
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Identify the:
Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchiole
Alveoli
Alveolar Ducts
Respiratory Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchiole
Alveoli
Alveolar Ducts
What is the epithelium on the left?
How can you tell?
Olfactory epithelium
There are swell bodies present