Test 3 - Forebrain

Front 1

The brain develops from ____ primary dilation or vesicles.

Back 1

3

Front 2

The neural tube cranial to the __ pair of somites forms the brain.

Back 2

4th

Front 3

Initially, closure of the neural tub in this region forms (the somites) 3 primary brain vesicles. name them.

Back 3

rhombencephalon(hindbrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
prosencephalon (forebrain)

Front 4

What initial brain vesicle is considered the hindbrain?

Back 4

rhombencephalon

Front 5

What initial brain vesicle is considered thE MIDBRAIN?

Back 5

mesencephalon

Front 6

What inital brain vesicle is considered the forebrain?

Back 6

the prosencephalon

Front 7

During week __ the prosencephalon and rhombencephalon divide further so tha there are 5 brain vesicles. what do they divide into?

Back 7

Prosencephalon: into telencephalong and diencephalon
Rhombencephalon: into myelencephalong and metencephalon

Front 8

T/FEach of these vesicles and their lumens will form discrete parts of the brain.

Back 8

true

Front 9

What are the 4 (5) parts of the diencephalon?

Back 9

thalamus (dorsal)
hypothalamus
epithalamus
sub- or ventral thalamus
metathalamus (MGN and LGN)

Front 10

What comprises the metathalamus?

Back 10

MGN and LGN

Front 11

What are some synonyms for the diencephalon?

Back 11

interbrain, between brain

Front 12

The _________ connects the cerebral hemispheres with mesencephalon.

Back 12

diencephalon

Front 13

Where is the diencephalon located?

Back 13

between cerebral hemispheres, atop the midbrain.

Front 14

What comprises the epithalamus?

Back 14

habenula and pineal gland

Front 15

What makes up the hypothalamsu?

Back 15

mammillary bodies, infundibulum area below hypothalamuc sulcus

Front 16

What is the sub or ventral thalamus a part of?

Back 16

motor system Basal ganglia

Front 17

What are the 4 major subdivsions of the thalamus?

Back 17

posterior, anterior, and lateral and medial

Front 18

is the thalamus simply a relay station?

Back 18

NO, there is regulation, cortical attention and gating functions all at this level

Front 19

What are the 3 divisions of the internal capsule?

Back 19

anterior limb, posterior limb and genu

Front 20

What tracts travel through the anterior limb of the internal capusle?

Back 20

DM to prefrontal and ant n. to cingulate

Front 21

What travels through the genu of the intrenal capsule?

Back 21

VA/VL to motor and VA/VL to motor

Front 22

What travels through the post. limb of the internal capsule?

Back 22

pulvinar/LP to assoc
LGN to visual
auditory radiations

Front 23

what are the white tracts extending from the cortex to the thalmus?

Back 23

corona radiata - internal capsule

Front 24

What lobes do the anterior commissure connect?

Back 24

temporal lobes

Front 25

In the lateral subdivision of the thalamus what is found in the dorsal tier and what is found in the ventral tier?

Back 25

Dorsal tier: lat. dorsal, and lat. posterior
Ventral tier: vent. ant., vent. lat., vent. post.

Front 26

What does the VPL stand for?

Back 26

ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus

Front 27

Where is the VPM found?

Back 27

in the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalalmus in the lateral subdivision

Front 28

What nuclei are found in the medial group of the thalamus?

Back 28

the dorsomedial and midline nuclei

Front 29

What nuclei are found in the anerior groiup>

Back 29

the anterior nucleu

Front 30

What nuclei are in the posterior group of the thalamus?

Back 30

pulvinar, MGN, LGN

Front 31

What runs along the lateral surface (consisting of myelinated fibers)

Back 31

External medullary lamina

Front 32

What runs between all of the nucleu in the thalamus? (myelinated fibers)

Back 32

internal medullary lamina

Front 33

Thin shell of cells that intervene between IC and EML =

Back 33

Reticular Nucleus, has no projections to cortex (Unique)

Front 34

T/F the reticular nucleus has no projections to the cortex

Back 34

True

Front 35

Is the nuclei of the thalamus somatopically organized?

Back 35

yes, in the lateral division: the more posterior you get (towards pulvinar) are usually neurons associated with the upper limbs, when movig more anteriorly you find neurons associated with lower limbs

Front 36

T/F the olfactory nerve doesn't project to the thalamus

Back 36

TRUE

Front 37

What does the upper and lower body sensation project to? what nucleus of the thalamus?

Back 37

THe VPL

Front 38

where does the taste and sensation of the face synapse in the thalamus?

Back 38

the VPM

Front 39

Where does all
Taste
Trigeminothalamic tracts (P, T, Gen tact head,neck)
Medial Lemniscus (FT, Vib, con prop)
Spinothalamic (P, T, Gen tact)
Synapse?

Back 39

to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Front 40

What is the function of the intralaminar nuclei (central medial nucleus)?

Back 40

poorly understood, most likely motor

Front 41

What is the MGN responsible for?

Back 41

auditory

Front 42

What is the LGN responsible for?

Back 42

visual

Front 43

What nucleus does the Red nucleus project to?

Back 43

the ventral lateral nucleus via the dentatorubrothalamic tract from the cerebellum.

Front 44

Where does the ventral lateral nucleu PROJECT to?

Back 44

premotor cortex and motor cortex

Front 45

where does the basal ganglia project to in the thalamus?

Back 45

to the ventral anterior nuclei

Front 46

where does the ventral anterior nuclie project to?

Back 46

motor, premotor cortex

Front 47

What nuclei of the thalamus does the limbic lobe associate with?

Back 47

dorsomedial

Front 48

What are the 3 major groupings for the thalamic nuclei

Back 48

specific, non-specific, reticular

Front 49

What is the job of the specific group of the thalamic nuclei?

Back 49

receive/project specific information to/from specific areas

Front 50

Name some specific nuclei of the thalamus.

Back 50

MGN, LGN, ventral posterior nuclei, Ventral lateral and anterior nuclei

Front 51

What is the path from auditory system to area 41, 42

Back 51

MGN: path: auditory system - (cohlear nuc - (trapezoid body -lateral lemn) inf. colliculus - MGN - area 41,42 of brain

Front 52

What is the path from the retina to area 17

Back 52

retina - LGN - area 17

Front 53

Where does the ventral post. nucleus receive information from?

Back 53

medial lemnisucus, spinothalamus, trigeminothalamic, and projects all to area 3,1,2 (association cortex - primary sensory cortex)

Front 54

What input dos the ventral lateral and anterior nuc. receive?

Back 54

Lat input: cerebellum, red nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra
Antt: globus pallidus, substantia nigra
Both project to pre and primary mot. cortex (area 4***, 8 and 6)

Front 55

What nuclei of the thalamus are considered non-specific?

Back 55

anterior (cingulate gyrus), dorsomedial (prefrontal and orbital cortex) - limbic), pulvinar, lat. dorsal, lat post. and reticular nucleus

Front 56

What do the pulvinar, lat. dorsal and lat. post all have in common?

Back 56

connection with other thalamic nucli and cortex and all of the connections are reciprocal

Front 57

is the reticular nucleus developmentally related to the thalamus?

Back 57

no

Front 58

Does the reticular nucleus have it's own very distinct,anatomical and physiological properties

Back 58

yes

Front 59

What is the role of the reticular nucleus?

Back 59

modulatory role in sleep-wake cycles

Front 60

What nuclei associate with the limbic system?

Back 60

lateral dorsal, dorsomedial, and anterior

Front 61

What nuclei are the 'motor relay' nuclei of the thalamus?

Back 61

the ventral anterior and ventral lateral

Front 62

What nuclei associate with the sensory (ascending)?

Back 62

VPL and VPM

Front 63

What integrates sensory info?

Back 63

dorsomedial

Front 64

What receives taste?

Back 64

VPM

Front 65

what nuclei receives input form substantia nigra?

Back 65

VL

Front 66

What receives input form globus pallidus?

Back 66

VA

Front 67

What is associated with intellect, mood, emotion, and integrates vision, auditory and sensory inputs?

Back 67

pulvinar

Front 68

Pulvinar and lateral posterior nuc
Work together, Unique to ________ and ________

Back 68

primates
and humans

Front 69

THe cingulate gyrus helps in what behavior?

Back 69

Modulation of emotion
Mood and behavior

Front 70

What are the highest limbic connections?

Back 70

Highest limbic connections
Foresight, rational thinking,
Social behavior, drive

Front 71

the reticular nucles receives input from all _____- and output to all _____-

Back 71

thalamic nuclei

Front 72

When you have a lacunar infarct within the thalamus what occurs?

Back 72

thalamic pain syndrome

Front 73

When you have thalamic pain syndrome you initially lose ______- sensation.

Back 73

contralateral

Front 74

Initially, tinglin/stinging
affected area variable
later, itching burning, tearing and tactile hypersesnitivity
these are symptoms of what?

Back 74

Pain syndrome - thalamic

Front 75

What is the initial pain:

Back 75

tingling and stinging

Front 76

Is the area affected by the thalamic pain syndrome specific?

Back 76

no, variable

Front 77

What is the later sensation experienced with thalamic pain syndrome

Back 77

itching, burning, tearing, tactile hypersensitiviy

Front 78

Is thalamic pain syndrome permanent?

Back 78

most often, yes