Test 3- Counseling Theories

Front 1

Founders of Gestalt

Back 1

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka, Christian von Ehrenfels

Front 2

Founders of Behavior

Back 2

John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus, Albert Bandura, Joseph Wolpe

Front 3

Orientation of Gestalt therapy

Back 3

Existential, experietial therapy

Front 4

Orientation of Behavior therapy

Back 4

behavior, psychodynamic, humanistic, family systems

Front 5

Key concepts of behavior therapy

Back 5

- normal behavior learned through reinforcement and imitation
- abnormal behavior results from faulty learning
- little concern for past
- feelings not important

Front 6

Key concepts of Gestalt

Back 6

- here and now
- direct experiencing as opposed to talked about
- awareness
- bringing unfinished business from past to present
- impasse

Front 7

Techniques of Gestalt

Back 7

- existential dialogue (authenticity and responsibility)
- inclusion- putting self into experience of another
- presence- expresses observations, feelings to client
- commitment to dialogue
- dialogue is lived
- empty chair
- top dog
- making the rounds

Front 8

Techniques of Behavior therapy

Back 8

- relaxation therapy
- modeling
- systematic desennsitization
- assertion training
- self-management

Front 9

Goals of Gestalt

Back 9

- awareness
- growth and autonomy
- establish safe environment
- identify themes that are central to client
- determine how clients suipport themselves

Front 10

Goals of Behavior Therapy

Back 10

- Eliminating bad behavior
- learning more effective behavior patterns
- tries to change problematic behavior
- specific goals chosen by client
- broad goals
- design of treatment plan

Front 11

Characteristics of Gestalt therapist

Back 11

- nonverbal language
- assists client in making own interpretations
- focuses on questions of what and how
- stresses presence

Front 12

Characteristics of Behavior therapist

Back 12

- provides modeling for client
- active
- directive
- problem solving
- assess specific behavior problems
- provide reinforcement for client

Front 13

Limitations of behavior

Back 13

- danger of imposing conforming behavior
- therapists can manipulate clients
- does not address broad human problems such as meaning, identity

Front 14

Contributions of behavior

Back 14

- emphasizes research into techniques
- role of therapist as reinforcer
- concepts and procedures easily grasped
- demonstrated effectiveness

Front 15

Limitations of Gestalt

Back 15

- not grounded in solid theory
- discounts cognitive components
- seen as mix of theories
- too much emphasis on here and now

Front 16

Contributions of Gestalt

Back 16

- deemphasizes abstract intellectualization of one's problems
- intense experiencing can occur quickly so therapy can be brief

Front 17

Five layers of neurosis according to Perls

Back 17

Phony layer- stereotypical and inauthentic
Phobic layer- fears keep us from seeing ourselves
Impasse layer- we give up our power
Implosive layer- we fully experience our deadness
Explosive layer- we let go of phony roles

Front 18

Bandura's Social Learning theory

Back 18

- one's environment causes one's behavior
- imitative modeling
- Bobo doll studies

Front 19

Classical conditioning

Back 19

Pavlov, respondant conditioning, doing something to create the behavior, before the fact; phobias

Front 20

Operant conditioning

Back 20

behavior is product of learning and conditioning, after the fact, something happens, then we do something

Front 21

Basic I.D.

Back 21

Behavior
Affective Response
Sensations
Images
Cognitions

Interpersonal relationships
Drugs, biological functions

Front 22

Impasse

Back 22

- point in therapy at which client avoids experiencing threatening feelings, being stuck

Front 23

Systematic desensitization

Back 23

- client is taught to relax while imaginging graded series of progressively anxiety- causing situations

Front 24

In Vivo flooding

Back 24

- prolonged and intensive in vivo or imaginal exposure to highly anxiety-evoking stimul without the opportunity to avoid them

Front 25

Punishment

Back 25

decreases likelihood of future occurences or responses

Front 26

Positive reinforcement

Back 26

increases likelihood of future occurrences of reinforced response

Front 27

Making the rounds

Back 27

confront, risk, disclosing self, experimenting with new behavior by asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other members of the group

Front 28

Deflection

Back 28

process of distraction, difficult to maintain a sustained sense of contact

Front 29

Retroflection

Back 29

consists of turning back onto ourselves what we would like to do or doing to ourselves what we would like someone else to do to us or for us

Front 30

Introflection

Back 30

tendency to uncritically accept others' beliefs and standards without making them into what we believe

Front 31

confluence

Back 31

involves blurring the differentiation between the self and the environment

Front 32

Phony Layer

Back 32

stereotypical and inauthentic

Front 33

Phobic Layer

Back 33

fears keep us from seeing ourselves

Front 34

Impasse Layer

Back 34

we give up our power

Front 35

Implosive Layer

Back 35

we fully experience our deadness

Front 36

Explosive layer

Back 36

we let go of phony roles