Test #3

Front 1

Stimulants increase chemical and electrical activity in which systems of the body

Back 1

Central nervous system, somatic nervous system, peripheral nervous system

Front 2

what happens when stimulants are used in large quantities or over a long period of time

Back 2

The user depletes their energy supply and is left without reserves

Front 3

The “crash” and subsequent withdrawal symptoms from strong stimulants results in

Back 3

severe depression and lack of energy for days to months.

Front 4

The reward/reinforcement pathway exists

Back 4

in all mammals

Front 5

The neurotransmitter most associated with the reward/reinforcement pathway is

Back 5

dopamine

Front 6

Cardiovascular side effects of stimulant drugs

Back 6

Blood vessel constriction and spasms, weakened blood vessels and increased risk of stroke, increased heart rate and blood pressure

Front 7

Initially, strong stimulants

Back 7

increase confidence and induce euphoria

Front 8

With prolonged use of strong stimulants this can occur

Back 8

Psychosis and paranoia

Front 9

Who was the author of Über Coca, a book that promoted the use of refined cocaine hydrochloride in the late 1800s

Back 9

Sigmund Freud

Front 10

In 1853, this discovery later allowed cocaine users to experience an intense rush and the highest blood levels of cocaine

Back 10

The hypodermic needle

Front 11

Because cocaine constricts blood vessels slowing the flow of blood, snorting cocaine is

Back 11

a self-limiting method of use

Front 12

Cocaine doesn’t stimulate a person for as long as amphetamines because it is

Back 12

metabolized very quickly

Front 13

What neurotransmitter reuptake ports are blocked by cocaine thus producing most of its effects

Back 13

Norepinephrine and dopamine

Front 14

Effects of Cocaine

Back 14

Keeps endogenous DA and NE in the synaptic cleft longer, dilates the bronchi, causes a rapid rush that diminishes rapidly

Front 15

Excessive dopamine from cocaine use over-stimulates the brain’s fright center to cause

Back 15

Paranoia

Front 16

Cocaine’s effects on sexual behavior

Back 16

high dose chronic use results in sexual dysfunction, low dose use enhances sexual desire and delays ejaculation, disinhibiting effects lead to high-risk sexual behaviors

Front 17

When cocaine and alcohol are used at the same time the byproduct of their metabolism is

Back 17

cocaethylene

Front 18

Physiologically, long-term cocaine use is most damaging to

Back 18

heart and blood vessels

Front 19

Many abnormalities in newborns of drug using mothers are caused by which of the following

Back 19

the lifestyles of the drug using mother.

Front 20

What best describes the condition of anhedonia

Back 20

Inability to feel pleasure.

Front 21

Cocaine paranoid psychosis is difficult to distinguish from schizophrenia because

Back 21

both result from dopamine imbalances in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway.

Front 22

Since cocaine is an intense stimulant, a common polydrug problem is its use

Back 22

with downers to counter the side effects of each other.

Front 23

Crack cocaine may be more addicting than powder cocaine because smoking it

Back 23

delivers a higher dose in the system over a short period of time, in the freebase form allows it to be more readily absorbed by fat cells in the brain, delivers cocaine to the brain faster than even injecting powder cocaine.

Front 24

Amphetamines can best be described by which of the following

Back 24

Synthetic stimulants similar to cocaine but lasting longer and a bit cheaper to use.

Front 25

Describe the brain action of amphetamines

Back 25

they force the release of catecholamines from vesicles, they reverse direction of transporters to expel catecholamines into the synaptic gap, they block the enzymes that metabolize catecholamines

Front 26

Other medical uses of amphetamines

Back 26

epilepsy, narcolepsy, ADHD

Front 27

Street name for smokable form of methamphetamine

Back 27

Ice

Front 28

Amphetamine psychosis is best characterized by

Back 28

pressed speech and paranoia

Front 29

This neurotransmitter is thought to be depleted in individuals with ADHD

Back 29

Dopamine

Front 30

Caffeine is an alkaloid of which class

Back 30

Xanthines

Front 31

The half-life of caffeine in a normal 25 year old adult is about

Back 31

3-7 hours

Front 32

What best describes nicotine withdrawal symptoms

Back 32

irritability, headache and sleep problems

Front 33

What percent of those who ever try a cigarette will become daily habitual smokers

Back 33

25 percent

Front 34

Energy drinks (Red Bull, Rock Star) contain more or less caffeine than Coca Cola

Back 34

much greater amounts (80-160 mg)

Front 35

True or False -Stimulants deplete the body’s energy chemicals when used chronically

Back 35

True

Front 36

True or False - Stimulants cause constriction of blood vessels, raising blood pressure

Back 36

True

Front 37

True or False - The strongest physical and mental dependence to stimulants develops from the use of tobacco

Back 37

True

Front 38

True or False - Cocaine is an illegal drug, it has no medical use today

Back 38

False

Front 39

True or False - Most soft drinks, including some orange and lemon-lime sodas contain caffeine

Back 39

True

Front 40

True or False - The most important reason people continue to smoke is to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Back 40

True

Front 41

True or False - Cancer, respiratory disease and cardiovascular diseases are the three most common medical problems associated with smoking tobacco

Back 41

True

Front 42

Many experts who treat patients with ADD/ADHD have found best treatment to be

Back 42

psychotherapy and stimulants combination

Front 43

Describe the phases of the reward/reinforcement circuit

Back 43

activation of the nucleus accumbens septi to do the drug or behavior again and again, anticipation of the drug or behavior which causes craving for the stimulus, activation of the orbitofrontal cortex which affects the decision making process for continued use or behavior

Front 44

Neurotransmitters are synthesized within the neuron and then stored in tiny sacs called

Back 44

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