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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the CRISIS IF THE 3RD CENTURY what was Augustus' greatest mistake? |
No succession policy -Military leadership & extreme instability |
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In the CRISIS OF THE 3RD CENTURY why did Sassanids & goths come in? |
1. they were invading 2. all different reasons, better place to live 3. wanted to get away |
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In the CRISIS OF THE 3RD CENTURY who were the till & huds? |
The main group if foreign tribes "barbarians" to invade |
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In the CRISIS OF THE 3RD CENTURY who were the "federati"? & who were they loyal to? |
Germanic troops brought in to defend the borders and loyal to their warlords.
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In the CRISIS OF THE 3RD CENTURY what was the "Plague of Cyprian"? |
Maybe smallpox |
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In the CRISIS OF THE 3RD CENTURY what was an impact of Rome's Economy? |
1.Destruction of fields and crops 2. ripple effect on businesses and trade 3. devalued currency & inflation 4. Upper class villas (they fleaed the city & moved to countryside to create their own villas) |
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Who was Diocietion? and what did he create? |
Roman Emperor who established the Tetrarchy |
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What was the Tetrarchy? |
1.established by Diocietion 2. divided empire between east & west 3. had 2 rulers in both (an emperor and a caesar) |
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What ended the Tetrarchy? |
The rise of Constantine |
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Who was Constantine? |
1. Roman Emperor 2. known as SOLE EMPEROR 3. Christianity's patron & administrator 4. Established CONSTANTINOPLE |
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What was Constantinople? |
The new christian capital in the east |
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Who was Valentian & Valens? & who died? |
1.Co-Emperors 2. Vale died at the Battle of Adrianople
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DATE: 476 |
The fall of Rome and the Last roman emperor deposed |
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What caused the Fall of Rome? |
1. Barbarians in the army 2. unsound economic theory 3. lead poisoning? 4. Empire too large 5. Gibbson's theory; Christians weakened the civic virtue of Romans |
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Why did the Byzantine Empire survive 476? |
1. Constantinople - location was great b/c very mountains
2. strong military leadership 3. Urban Culture & wealth -would bribe the invaders to leave or pay people to protect their city |
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Who was Justinian 1? |
1. Byzantine Emperor |
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What did Justinian build that was most notable? & what was it? |
Built the HAGIA SOPHIA (church of holy wisdom) |
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What was the Plague of Justinian? |
The 1st outbreak of the Bubonic Plauge |
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What was CORPUS JURIS CIVILIS? |
Body of civil law and the foundation of law in nearly every European country |
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Who was HERACLIUS? and what did he do? |
1. Byzantine emperor 2. Reorganized and made army stronger 3. took greek title of baseless and change the official language from Latin to Greek |
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What was GREEK FIRE? |
Not sure what it was. But knew that when it hit fire it burned for a long time |
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Who was in charge of the Eastern Orthodox church? |
The pope was suppose to be but the emperor controlled both churches |
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What was so different about the Orthodox chruches? |
They were decorated amazing!! |
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What were ICONS? |
Images of God and Jesus on paintings. considered to be gateways to worship |
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What was the Iconoclastic Cotroversy? |
When icons where burned and the people that used them were beat. -Thought that people where not worshiping the actual spirit but instead the icon itself |
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Who was CRYIL & METHODIUS? |
1. Brothers and East Orthodox missionaries to Moravia (Moravia didnt have a written language)
2. created the Cryillic written alphabet |
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What was the 4th Crusade? |
1.Byzantines vs. Crusaders -Crusaders wanted Byzantine
2. original plan; go to italy & sail down to Egypt and beat then & push them into Holy land 3. They take Constantinople
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Who did Constantinople fall to? |
the muslims |
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What was Arabia like before Muhammad? |
1. Dominated by Bedouin Tribes -Nomadic herders & traders
2. Lack of political unity 3. Variety of religions present in region 4. major towns; Mecca & Medina |
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What was Mecca? |
Most important place for trade and worship |
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Who was Muhammad? |
1. Founder of Islam 2. Merchant that everyone trusted and knew was honest
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What was Muhammad's reputation as a merchant and why was marrying his wife a good move? |
He was considered very honest and fair. -His wife KHAJIRA was also a known merchant. Once she died he got all her contacts for his business |
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What was the Qu'ran? |
Muslims holy book |
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Who was Muhammad's first followers? |
his wife Khajira and his cousin Ali |
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What did the poor do when Muhammad started public preaching? |
The poor flocked to him b/c he said that everyone is considered equal in to God. The rich did not like this. |
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What were the benefits of Medina? |
Medina was considered the smaller brother. -they accepted Muhammad and his followers -they were eager to accept his revolution. |
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What was the Dhimmi? |
"people of the book" -allowed people to practice their religion in exchange for paying a tax |
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What were the 5 Pillars of Islam? |
1. Belief that Allah was God & Muhammad was the final prophet. 2. Praying 5 times a day towards Mecca 3. Giving alms to the poor 4. fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Muslim sources of Authority (in order) |
1. Qu'ran 2. Hadith 3. Ulama (Religious scholars/judges) |
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Who was Mu'awiyah? |
Gov. of Syria & Uthaman's cousin |
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Who supported Mu'awiyah? |
Sunnis |
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Who supported ali? |
Shi'a |
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Umayyad Dynasty |
1. Muslim capital moved to Damascus, Syria 2. constructed the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
3.most famous for vast territorial conquests -North Africa -Northwest India -Most of Spain
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Abbasid Dynasty (ISLAM'S GOLDEN AGE) |
1. Moved capital to Baghdad -considered a cultural capital
2.Education; Universités (teachers learning to be teachers)
3. Math; Arabic #s 1st introduced & algebra standardized
4. Medicine; Auicenna's contributions (complies everything he knew into a medical encypiedia)
5. Lit; the thousand & one nights (Aladdin, Sinbad & Ali Baba) |
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Gaul |
Frankish Tribes |
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Britain |
Angles & saxons |
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Germany |
eastern Europe; various slavic tribes |
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What were the Franks and who was he created by? |
Clouis I & 1st united into one tribe (brought all franks together into one group) |
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What was the most defining event in Clouis reign? |
1. Married Clotild & converted to Catholic Christianity
2. Church linked up with him & his people |
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Who was Charles Martel? |
Frankish ruler -took over most of Frankish empire -Battle of Tours
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Importance of Martel & Europe: |
M; He beat the bad guys and was considered a hero & got whatever he wanted
E; didn't think they would survive & thought they'd be destroyed. Considered it to be a Gift from God. |
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Who was Pepin the younger? |
1. Charles son 2. 1st Carolingian King 3. Defeated Lombards in Italy 4. Expanded Frankish control in southern France and Germany |
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Who was Charlemagne? |
1. Pepins son 2.Carolingian King & Emperor 3. Most reserved King 4. Conquests; -pushed muslims into spain -expanded Frankish bordered thru Germany
5.Crowned emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas (was given a white elephant) |
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Who where the Missi Dominicis? |
Spies for Charlemagne to watch over the countries to make sure they were doing what they were suppose to |
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Carolingian Renaissance |
1. Edu; the problem (no one could read) & the solution ( munks came in to help read & write)
2. Art; wanted to build a new rome in Aachen
3. Money system; one fixed currency |
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What was the Holy Roman Empire? |
1. the remains of Charlemagne's old empire in east germany
2. collection of smaller kingdoms ruled by kings & princes
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What were Electors? |
Highest of the princes -would choose the emperor and meet to make crucial decisions
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How much powers does the Emperor have? |
-Controls army -controls some of political things -controls religious stuff |
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Who is Henery the Fowler? |
1. 1st Saxton/German ruler of HRE 2. 1st independent king |
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Who was Otto the Great? |
1. strongly allied with the church -controlled church appointments
2. drove off Hungarian invasion @ the battle of Lechfeld 3. fought & married into control of northern Italy 4. crowned Emperor
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Who is Frederick Barbarossa?
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1. Strongest one to try to stop the decline of HRE. 2. tried to restore empires glory, but was muddled by 6 campaigns in Italy
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Who where the Vikings and why did they start in the late 8th century? |
-Scandinavian traders & sailors 1. Started late 8th century -overpopulation -desire for adventure -unfair trading practices -medieval warm period
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What was the Viking world tour? |
1.set up shop in Normandy 2.raiding/creating towns in Ireland 3.trading/raiding in Russia, Constan., & Baghdad 4. Journey in the Atlantic -1st to discover new world
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Who discovered Greenland? And why was it called GreenLand? |
Erik the Red -called it greenland so more people would come to it. It was covered in ice more then grass! |
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Who discovered Newfoundland, canada? |
Leif Eirksson |
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Celibacy |
complete abstinence from sexual activity |
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Abbot |
or "father" of the monastery, had complete authority over the monks |
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Major Domus |
Mayor of the Palace |
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Monk |
"someone who lives alone" -a man who sought to live a life divorced from the world, cut off from ordinary human society, in order to pursue an ideal of godliness or total dedication to the will of God |
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Monogamy |
Faithful to one person |
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Tithe |
serfs paid a 10th of their produce to their local village church |
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Nuclear Family |
wife is still dominated by her husband, but now has control over her household & children |
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Scriptoria |
"writing rooms" where monks copied works of early christianity, like the bible, & also works of classical Latin Authors |
