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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain the terms metabolism
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The totality of an organisms chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism.
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Explain the terms catabolism
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Breaking down. Metabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. Breakdown pathways. A major pathway of catabolism is cellular respiration, in which sugar glucose and other organic fuels are broken down in the presence of oxygen to CO2 and water. Energy that was stored in the organic molecules becomes available to do the work of the cell, such as membrane transport.
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Explain the term anabolism
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Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones, sometimes called biosynthetic pathways. Ex. is synthesis of protein from amino acid.
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How are metabolism, catabolism and anabolism related?
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Catabolic and Anabolic pathways are the "downhill" and "uphill" avenues of the metabolic map. Energy released from the downhill reactions of catabolic pathways can be stored and then used to drive the uphill reactions of anabolic pathways.
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Explain the first two laws of thermodynamics and how they apply to cells.
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First Law - Energy of the universe is constant. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it can't be destroyed. Plants convert energy from sun to chemical energy.
Second Law - Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. |
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Why must cells be open systems?
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In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surrounding.
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What is free energy, how what does it have to do with cellular work?
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Portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, like in a living cell.
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