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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2. What are islets of Langerhan composed of?
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a. Alpha
b. Beta c. Delta cells d. F cells |
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3. What do alpha cells release?
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a. Glucagon (GLPs and proglucagon)
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what do beta cells release?
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a. Insulin
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5. What do delta cells release?
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a. Somatostatin
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6. What does a mature insulin molecule consist of?
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a. B and A chains connected by 2 disulfide bonds
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v7. What does proinsulin consist of?
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a. B, C, and A domains
b. C gets cleaved to make the mature molecule |
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8. What stimulates the secretion of insulin?
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a. Primary: glucose
b. Leucine/alanine (amino acids) |
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9. Pathway for insulin secretion?
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a. Glucose enters GLUT 2
i. Metabolize glucose to Increases ATP 1. Inhibit K cahnnel a. Ca channel opens i. Increased Ca leads to signal to secrete insulin |
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10. What do drugs do that treat type 2 diabetes?
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a. Block the K+ channels to increase the sensitivity of B cells to make insulin
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11. What is the difference in effect of oral glucose versus IV glucose?
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a. Oral glucose
i. Enkretins effect Beta cells and have large insulin spike b. IV i. Small spike, but nowhere near the amount of insulin seen in oral (due to beta cells dumping what they have in store) |
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12. What does phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) do?
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a. Helps to carry out the signal that insulin is bound
b. Causes a large number of events |
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13. What are the effects insulin has on muscle?
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a. (+) glucose uptake
b. (+) protein synthesis c. (-) breakdown of proteins |
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14. What is the effect of insulin at adipocytes?
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a. (+) glucose uptake
b. (+) uptake of FFA c. (+) triglyceride production |
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15. What is the effect of insulin in the liver?
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a. (+) glucose conversion to glycogen
b. (-) glycogenolysis c. (+) glycolysis and triglyceride production d. (-) gluconeogenesis |
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18. What are the effects of glucagon?
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(-) glycolysis
(+) gluconeogenesis (+) glycogenolysis (+) lypolysis |
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17. What inhibits glucagon?
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a. Hyperglycemia
b. Somatostatin |
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16. What causes the secretion of glucagon?
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a. Hypoglycemia
b. Amino acids |
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17. What inhibits glucagon?
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a. Hyperglycemia
b. Somatostatin |
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19. What causes the secretion of somatostatin?
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a. glucose,
b. arginine, c. GI hormones |
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20. What receptors are used for somatostatin? Role? (2)
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a. SSTR 5 responsible for (-) insulin secretion
b. SSTR 2 responsible for (-) glucagon (and GH) |
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21. What are the effects of somatostatin?
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a. Slows gastric emptying
b. Decreases gastric secretions c. Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion (and GH) |
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In adipose, what receptor is responsible for uptake of glucose? Muscle?
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both GLUT4
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What are the 2 types of diabetes?
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IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Type 1
u. NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: Type 2 |
