Test 2 Psych. Terms

Front 1

Anergia

Back 1

Reduction in or lack of energy

Front 2

Anhedonia

Back 2

inability to find meaning in or pleasure in existence

Front 3

Deep brain stimulation

Back 3

Individual electrodes are implanted into specific areas of the brain. A special device generates a stimulus that depolarizes neurons near the local area.

Front 4

Dysthymia

Back 4

A mild-moderate level of depression that lasts 2 or more years and usually doesn't interfere with average functioning.

Front 5

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 5

An effedtive treatment for depression in which a grand mal seizure is induced by passing an electrical current through electrodes that are applied to the temples. The administration of a muscle relaxant minimizes seizure activity and prevents damage to long bones and cervical vertebrae.

Front 6

Light therapy

Back 6

First line treatment for SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). Full-spectrum wavelength light is used to suppress nocturnal secretions of melatonin levels to normal. 30-60 minutes daily.

Front 7

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

Back 7

Characterized by emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms which markedly differ from the person's usual self and functioning.

Front 8

Psychomotor agitation

Back 8

Constant involvement in some tension-relieving activity, such as constantly pacing, bitting ones nails, smoking, or tapping one's fingers on a tabletop.

Front 9

Psychomotor retardation

Back 9

Extreme slowness of and difficulty in movemnets that in the extreme can entail complete inactivity and incontinence.

Front 10

Rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation

Back 10

Questionalbe effectiveness, Expensive & takes several wks for effects. A coil is placed on the scalp, not implanted, and magnetic fields change the brains activity.

Front 11

Vagus nerve stimulation

Back 11

Originally used as a treatment for epilepsy, a pacemaker-like device is implanted surgically into the left chest wall from which a thin, flexible wire is threaded up and wrapped around the vagus nerve on the left side of the neck. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve is thought to boost the level of neurotransmitters, improving mood and the action of antidepressants.

Front 12

Vegetative signs of depression

Back 12

Significant changes from normal functioning in those activities necessary to support physical life and growth, such as eating, sleeping, elimination, and sex, during a depressive episode.

Front 13

Bipolar I

Back 13

One or more periods of MD with at least one episode of clear cut mania.

Front 14

Bipolar II

Back 14

One or more periods of MD with with periods of hypomania.

Front 15

Clang associations

Back 15

The meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful manner.

Front 16

Cyclothymia

Back 16

At least 2 years or more of alternating periods of dysthymia and hypomania.

Front 17

Flight of ideas

Back 17

Continuous flow of speech- person jumps rapidly from one topic to another. Sometimes listener can keep up w/ changes; other times, necessary to listen for themes in incessant talking. Themes often include grandiose & fantasized evaluation of personal sexual prowess, business ability, artistic talents and so forth.

Front 18

Hypomania

Back 18

Less severe than Mania and usually doesn't impair grasp on reality.

Front 19

Mania

Back 19

An exagerated euphoria or irritability.

Front 20

Mixed features

Back 20

Is used when a pt. in a full bipolar or hypomanic mood displays at the same time depressive symptoms (e.g., increased activity/aggitation and at same time feelings of worthlessness or SI).

Front 21

Rapid cycling

Back 21

Four or more mood episodes in a 12-month period.

Front 22

Seclusion protocol

Back 22

Includes a proper reporting procedure through the chain of command when a pt. is to be secluded.

Front 23

Completed suicide

Back 23

Is the act of intentionally ending one's own life and opting for nonexistence.

Front 24

Copy cat suicide

Back 24

A suicide that follows a highly publicized suicide of a public figure, idol, or peer in the community.

Front 25

No-suicide contract

Back 25

A contract made between a nurse or counselor and a patient, outlined in clear and simple language, in which the patient states that he or she will not attempt self-harm and in which specific alternatives are given for the person instead.

Front 26

SAD PERSONS scale

Back 26

*Sex; *Age; *Depression; *Previous attempts; *ETOH; *Rational thinking lost; *Social supports lacking; *Organized plan; *No Spouse; *Sickness

Front 27

Suicidal ideation

Back 27

Means a person is thinking about self-harm.

Front 28

Suicide attempts

Back 28

Includes all willful, self-inflicted, life threatening attempts that have not lead to death.

Front 29

Agnosia

Back 29

Loss of sensoryability to recognize objects (they feel but cant distinguish it).

Front 30

Alzheimer’s Disease

Back 30

Neurocognitive disorder that damages the brain & disables itn to communicate, metabolize and repair itself correctly.

Front 31

Aphasia

Back 31

Loss of language ability

Front 32

Apraxia

Back 32

loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment (forget how to do things like brush teeth).

Front 33

Confabulation

Back 33

making up stories to cover gaps in the memory

Front 34

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Back 34

Is caused by a prion that acts on the brain causing it to degenerate and life expectancy is only 1-2 years after onset.

Front 35

Executive functioning

Back 35

is a set of mental processes that helps us connect past experience with present action.

Front 36

Geriatric syndrome

Back 36

describe the unique features of common health conditions in older people that do not fit into discrete disease categories. These conditions include delirium, falls, incontinence, and frailty.

Front 37

Huntington’s Disease

Back 37

Genetically transmitted disease that appears about the age of 30-50 and is characterized by abnormal movements, intellectual decline and emotional disturbances.

Front 38

Hypermetamorphosis

Back 38

Touching everything

Front 39

Hyperorality

Back 39

the need to put everything in ones mouth.

Front 40

Illusions

Back 40

an errotr in the perception of a sensory stimulus (polka dots mistaken for hairy spiders).

Front 41

Lewy Body Disease

Back 41

abnormal structures, called Lewy bodies, build up in areas of the brain & usually begins between the ages of 50 and 85

Front 42

Mild cognitive syndrome

Back 42

cognitive changes that are serious enough to be noticed by the individuals experiencing them or to other people, but the changes are not severe enough to interfere with daily life or independent function.

Front 43

Perseveration

Back 43

The involuntary repetition of the same thought, phrase, or motor response (e.g., brushing teeth, walking); it is associated with brain damage.

Front 44

Pick’s Disease

Back 44

Micorscopic structures "pick's bodies" are found and the neurons "balloon" in appearance affecting only the frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain.

Front 45

SLUMS

Back 45

Saint Louis University Mental Status examines basic knowledge of geriatric pts.

Front 46

Sundowning

Back 46

Increasing destabilization of cognitive abilities (e.g., confusion) and lability of mood during the late afternoon, early evening or night. Seen in people with cognitive disorders.

Front 47

Antagonistic effect

Back 47

combination of drugs that weaken or inhibit the effect of one (Speedball = heroine (depressant) softens the effects of cocain (stimulant)).

Front 48

Abuse

Back 48

An act of misuse, deceit or exploitation; wrong or improper use of or action toward another, resulting in injury, damage, maltreatment, or corruption.

Front 49

Addiction

Back 49

Obsession, compulsion, or loss of control with respect to use of a drug (e.g., alcohol), with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors that influence its development. Use of the drug continues despite the presence of related problems and a tendency to relapse after stopping use.

Front 50

Al-Anon

Back 50

A support group for spouses and friends of alcoholics.

Front 51

Alateen

Back 51

a nationwide network for children older than 10 years of age who have alcoholic parents.

Front 52

Alcholics Anonymous

Back 52

A self-help group for recovering alcoholics that provides support and encouragement to those involved in continuing recovery.

Front 53

Co-dependence

Back 53

a term used to describe coping behaviors that prevent individuals from taking care of their own needs and have as their core preoccupation with the thoughts and feelings of another or others.

Front 54

Denial

Back 54

Escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence

Front 55

Detoxification

Back 55

is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism

Front 56

Dual diagnosis

Back 56

The coexistence of a psychiatric disease with subsance abuse. A person with a dual diagnosis is chronically dependent on a drug or alcohol and also has another psychiatric disorder such as a depressive or personality disorder.

Front 57

Enabling

Back 57

Helping a chemically dependent individual avoid experiencing the consequences of his or her drinking or drug use. It is one behavioral component of a codependency role.

Front 58

Flashbacks

Back 58

Transitory recurrences of perceptual disturbance caused by a person's earlier hallucinogenic drug use when he or she is in a drug-free state.

Front 59

Intoxication

Back 59

Slurred speech, incoordination, staggering, drowsiness, inhibitions lowered resulting in impulsive sex and aggression, impaired judgment, social and occupational problems.

Front 60

Relapse

Back 60

A recurrance of the manifestations of a disease after a period of improvement; in a substance use disorder, the process of becoming dysfunctional in sobriety that ends in a return to chemical use.

Front 61

Synergistic effect

Back 61

When drugs are taken together, the effect of either or both of the drugs is intensified or prolonged (Alcohol taken with Benzo results in greater CNS depression).

Front 62

Tapering

Back 62

to diminish gradually

Front 63

Tolerance

Back 63

need for higher and higher doses of substance to achieve the desired effect.

Front 64

Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome

Back 64

A condition seen in chronic alcoholism due to a thiamine deficiency. Combination of Wernicke disease (paralysis of eye movements, nystagimus, ataxia, & acute confusion) and Korsakoff's disease a combination of antegrade and retrograde amnesia.

Front 65

Withdrawal

Back 65

physiological and psychological signs and symptoms associated with stopping or reducing the use of a substance.

Front 66

Antisocial personality disorder

Back 66

a syndrome in which a person lacks the capacity to relate to others, does not experience discomfort in inflicting or observing pain in others, and may manipulate others for personal gain.

Front 67

Avoidant personality disorder

Back 67

A personality disorder in which the central characteristics are an extreme sensitivity to rejection and robust avoidance of interpersonal situations.

Front 68

Borderline personality disorder

Back 68

Instabliity in relationships, sense of inner emptiness, impulsive acts such as suicide attempts, fear of abandonment.

Front 69

Dialectic behavior therapy

Back 69

used for Borderline Personality Disorder – focuses on decreasing behaviors that interfere with life and increasing coping skills

Front 70

Ego-dystonic

Back 70

denoting aspects of a person's thoughts, impulses, and behavior that are felt to be repugnant, distressing, unacceptable, or inconsistent with the self-conception.

Front 71

Ego-syntonic

Back 71

denoting aspects of a person's thoughts, impulses, attitudes, and behavior that are felt to be acceptable and consistent with the self-conception.

Front 72

Entitlement

Back 72

Belief that they have the right to hurt others, take what they want, treat others unfairly, destryoy the property of others, and so on (callousness).

Front 73

Histrionic personality disorder

Back 73

Excessive emotionality, provocative and seductive.

Front 74

Manipulation

Back 74

ability to find just the right angle to lure a person into their intrigue with the intent to exploit them for money, favors or more sadistic purposes.

Front 75

Narcissistic personality disorder

Back 75

Grandiosity/need for admiration, "It's all about me".

Front 76

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Back 76

Perfetionism/orderliness, seek to keep the world in control by organizing it.

Front 77

Paranoid personality disorder

Back 77

Pervasive distrust of others.

Front 78

Schizoid personality disorder

Back 78

Emotional detachment, "loners".

Front 79

Schizotypal personality disorder

Back 79

Socially inept, eccentric/magical thinking, may seek help due to anxiety in social situations.

Front 80

Self-mutilation

Back 80

to cause severe damage to yourself (e.g., cutting)

Front 81

Splitting

Back 81

defense mechanisms- person sees self or others as all good or bad

Front 82

Aggression

Back 82

Any verbal or nonverbal (actual or attempted, conscious or unconscious) forceful means of harm or abuse of another person or object.

Front 83

Bullying

Back 83

infers persistent, systematic, ongoing violence toward a person or group.

Front 84

Restraint

Back 84

Physical method or mechanical device, material, or equipment that inhibits free movement; Chemical given for the specific purpose of inhibiting a certain behavior or movement.

Front 85

Anger

Back 85

An emotional response to the perception of frustration of desires or threat to one's needs.

Front 86

De-escalation techniques

Back 86

Intentional techniques used for reduction of the intensity of a conflict.

Front 87

Seclusion

Back 87

The last step in a process to maximize the safety of a patient and others, in which the patient is placed alone in a specially designed room for protection and close observation.