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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Serratus anterior
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Origin: Lateral surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th rib
Insert: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula Protracts the scapula Holds scapula against body wall Assists in rotating scapula during abduction of upper limb Lateral Thoracic Artery Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6 and C7) Innervated by anterior rami Injury results in patient's inability to abduct limb greater than 90 degrees (winged scapula) (trapezius upper and lower play a part in this) Is superficial instead of deep**** |
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Pectoralis major
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Origin: Clavicular head, Anterior surface of medial ½ of clavical
Sternocostal head- anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilage, aponeurosis of external oblique Insert: Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus adducts and medially rotates humerus Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery lateral and medial pectoral nerves (anterior rami C5, C6 to clavicular head and C7, C8 and T1 to the sternocostal head) |
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Pectoralis minor
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Origin: 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages.
Insert: coracoid process stabilize the scapula during upper limb movements. Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery medial pectoral nerve (C8 and T1) |
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Subclavius
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Origin: 1st rib near its costal cartilage
Insert: inferior surface of the middle 3rd of the clavicle. to anchor and stabilize the clavicle Thoracoacromial artery nerve to the subclavius (C5 and C6) Nerve comes off superior trunk of the brachial plexus |
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anterior compart of arm
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Biceps brachii
Brachialis Coracobrachialis Flexors and Adductors mainly C6 |
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Biceps Brachii
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Origin: long head-supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head- coracoid process
Insert: Radial tuberosity Long & short heads help stabilize glenohumoral joint. Long head also helps arm abduction Extended elbow: flexor Flexed elbow supinated: elbow flexion Pronated: most powerful supinator Brachial Artery Musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6< |
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brachialis
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Origin: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insert: Coronoid process & ulnar tuberosity Most powerful forearm flexor, all elbow positions. Isometric contraction allows controlled forearm extension Brachial Artery Musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6) Radial n. (C7), small lateral part |
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Coracobrachialis
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Origin: coracoid process
Insert: middle third of medial humerous flex and adducts the arm Resists downward dislocation of the humeral head (along with deltoid and long head of triceps), for glenohumoral joint stability Brachial Musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6, C7) Note: the musculocutaneous nerve pierces the coracobrachialis as it exits the axilla |
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Posterior Compartment of Arm?
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Triceps Brachii
Anconeus Extensors and Abductors Mainly C7 |
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Triceps Brachii
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Long head
Origin – Infraglenoid turbercle Lateral head Origin - Posterior humerus sup. to radial groove Medial head Origin – Posterior surface of humerus inf. to radial groove Insert: superior surface of the olecranon Forearm extensor Can also adduct the arm Long head resists humoral dislocation Profunda Brachii Artery Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) |
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Anconeus
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insert: Lateral surface of olecranon and superior aspect of posterior ulna Slight forearm extensor Elbow stabilizer Abducts ulna during pronation Profunda Brachii Artery (middle collateral) Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8) |
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Cubital Fossa Boundaries
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• Superiorly, line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
• Medially, pronator teres • Laterally, brachioradialis • Floor is brachialis and supinator muscles • Roof is deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis |
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Cubital fossa contents
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• Brachial artery and its branches (Radial & Ulnar). The brachial artery lies between the biceps tendon and its aponeurosis
• Deep paired companion veins • Biceps brachii tendon • Median nerve (deep to the biceps tendon) |
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Axilla Borders
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Apex (inlet)- between first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of subscapularis
Base- skin, subcutaneous tisse, and axillary fascia anterior wall- pectorialis major and minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia Posterior wall- teres major, subscapularis, lat. dorsi Lateral wall- interbercular groove (long head of biceps brachii m) medial wall - serratus anterior Floor- skin of armpit |
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Anterior Forearm Muscles
Superficial |
pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulneris |
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Pronator Teres
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Pronator Teres Origin: humeral head- medial apicondyle
Ulnar head- coronoid process Insert: roughening on lateral surface of radius Pronation Ulnar and radial A. Median nerve (C6, C7) Between heads of pronator teres |
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
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Flexor carpi radialis Origin: medial epicondyle
Insert: base of metacarpels Flexes and abducts wrist Radial Median nerve (C6, C7) Between heads of pronator teres |
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Palmaris Longus
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Origin: medial epicondyle
Insert:palmar aponeurosis of hand Flexes wrist Ulnar Median Nerve (C6, C7) |
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
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Origin: humeral head medial epicondyle
Ulnar head olecranon Insert: pisiform bone Hamate and base of metacarpal Flexes and adducts the wrist ulnar Ulnar nerve (C7, C8) Between heads of flexor carpi ulnaris |
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Intermediate Forearm Flexor?
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
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Origin: Humero ulnar head
Radial Head Insert: 2-5 digits (through carpel tunnel) Ulnar and radial A Median nerve (C7, C8, T1) |
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Deep Forearm flexors
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicus longus Pronator quadratus |
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FDP
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Origin: anterior and medial side of ulna
Anterior surface of interosseous Insert: through carpel tunnel at 2-5 digits Ulnar and radial Medial half ulnar (C8, T1) Lateral half median (C8, T1) |
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Flexor Pollicis longus
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Origin: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insert: thumb (through carpel tunnel) Radial and anterior interosseus A Median (C8<, T1) |
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pronator Quadratus
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Origin and insertion: anterior surface of ulna, and of radius
Radial and interosseus Median (C8, T1) |
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Posterior Forearm Muscles?
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brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris digiti minimi indicis Abductor pollicus longus extensor pollicis longus (snuff) extensor pollicis brevis (snuff) |
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brachioradialis
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Origin: humerous posterior
Insert: lateral side of distal of radius flexor Radial recurrent Radial Nerve (C5, C6) |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus
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Extend and Abduct
radial recurrent Radial Nerve (C5, C6) |
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis
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Extend and Abduct
Radial Recurrent Radial Nerve (C5, C6<) |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Extend and adduct
posterior interosseus artery radial Nerve (C5, C6) |
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Extensor Digitorum
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Extend the medial four digits
Posterior interosseus artery RADIAL NERVE (C5, C6) |
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Extensor digiti minimi
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Posterior interosseus artery
RADIAL NERVE (C5, C6) |
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Extensor indicis
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Posterior interosseus artery
RADIAL NERVE (C5, C6) |
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Abductor pollicis longus
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Posterior interosseus artery
RADIAL NERVE (C5, C6) |
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Extensor pollicis longus
Snuff box border |
Posterior interosseus artery
RADIAL NERVE (C5, C6) |
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Extensor pollicis brevis
Snuff box border |
Posterior interosseus artery
RADIAL NERVE (C5, C6) |
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Supinator
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Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerous
Insert: porxiam portion of radius (lateral) Radial recurrent A Radial nerve C6 |
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Thenar group innervated by
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Median Nerve ( recurrent branch and palmar branch)
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Hypothenar group innervated by
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Ulnar Nerve (opponens, abductor, flexor digiti minimi)
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Thenar Group?
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Adductor Pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis superficial palmar branches of radial artery Recurrent branch of median nerve |
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Palmar Interosseous muscle (3 total )
PAD muscles |
Metacarpels to phalanges on 2, 4, 5 Palmar adductors
palmar metacarpal artery of deep palmar arch Deep branch of ulnar nerve |
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Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
DAB muscles (4 total ) |
Dorsal metacarpels of all digits (one carpel bone) Dorsal Abductors
Deep branch of ulnar nerve |
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Lumbrical Muscles (4 total ) unipennate and bipennate
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Metacarpels to phalanges Flex digits at metacarpophalangeal joints
1 and 2 are by the median nerve Other 2 deep branch of ulnar nerve |
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Quadrangular space
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axillary nerve and postior humeral circumflex
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Triangular interval
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radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
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Triangular space
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circumflex scapular artery
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anterior compartment of thigh?
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femoral Nerve
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posterior Compartment of thigh
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sciatic nerve
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Medial compartment of thigh?
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Obturator nerve
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Gluteus Maximus
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Origin: Ileum, sacrum, coccyx, sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament
Insert: Gluteal tubersity (1/4) and iliotibial tract (3/4) Extends thigh, assists with lateral rotation Inferior and superior gluteal arteries inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2) |
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Tensor fascia lata
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Origin: ASIS and iliac crest
Insert:iliotibian tract to the tibia Abducts and medially rotates the thigh Helps flex thigh |
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Gluteus Medius
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superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1)
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Gluteus minimus
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Origin: ileum
Insert: great trochanter Abducts and medially rotates the thigh superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1) |
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piriformis
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Origin: anterior surface of sacrum
Insert: greater trochanter Laterally rotates thigh, abducts the thigh Neve to piriformis S1,S2 |
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Quadratus femoris
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Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insert: intertrochanteric crest Laterally rotates thigh Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5<, S1<) |
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Obtrutator internus
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Origin: obturator membrane, foramen
Insert: greater trochanter Laterally rotates thigh Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) |
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Superior and inferior gemellus
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Sup: ischial spine
Inf: ischial tuberosity Insert: greater trochanter Lateral rotation Superior: Nerve to obturator (L5, S1) Inferior: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) |
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Obturator externus
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Origin: obturator memrane
Insert: trochanteric fossa Laterally rotates Obturator nerve |
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tibial sciatic ?
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L4- S3 (anterior)
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Common Fibular?
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L4- S2 (posterior)
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Hamstrings
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Origin: ischial tuberostiy
Insert: biceps femoris- head of fibula Semitendinosus- medial surface of tibia (wraps anteriorly around tibia) Semimembranosus- medial condyle of tibia Adductor magnus (hamstring part) Flex the leg at knee Extend thigh at hip Short head of biceps femoris does nothing to hip 4 perforating arteries Pass through adductor magnus M and arise from the deep femoral artery a main branch of the femoral artery Femoral artery changes to the popliteal artery after it passes thourgh the adductor hiatus Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5, S1<, S2) Short head of biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular nerve |
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Pes Anserinus
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Sartorius
Gracilis Semitendenosis |
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Sartorius
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Origin ASIS:
Insert" medial surface of tibia Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint, and flexes the leg at the knee joint Femoral artery Femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4) |
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Quads
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Rectus femoris Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine, iluem
Vastus lateralis Origin: greater trochanter, lat. lip of linea aspera Vastus medialis Origin: interchanteric line and med lip of aspera femur Vastus intermedius Origin: ant/lat surface of shaft Insert: quadriceps tendon to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Flexion of hip Prevent lateral dislocaiton of patella Extends leg at knee Femoral artery Femoral Nerve (L2, L3, L4) |
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Psoas Major
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Origin: sides of T12- L5, transverse Flex and laterally rotate the thigh
Bilateral is active in sit ups Most powerful hip flexors anterior rami (L1, L2, L3) |
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Iliacus
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Origin: iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
Insert: common insertion as ILIOPSOAS and attach to Lesser Trochanter Flex and laterally rotate the thigh Bilateral is active in sit ups Most powerful hip flexors Femoral Nerve (L2, L3, L4) |
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Gracilis
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Origin: pubis
Insert: medial surface of tibia Adduct thigh Can be surgically transplanted to replace damaged structure in forearm and hand Deep femoral Artery Obturator nerve |
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Pectineus
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Origin: pubis
Insert: femur, inf. to lesser trochanter Adducts and flexes thigh Deep Femoral A. Femoral Nerve |
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Adductor Longus
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Origin: pubis
Insert: linea aspera Adducts thigh Deep Femoral A. Obturator nerve |
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Adductor Brevis
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Origin: pubis
Insert: linea aspera Adducts thigh Deep Femoral A. Obturator nerve |
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Adductor Magnus
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Adductor part
Origin: ischipubic ramus Insert: femur, linea aspera medial supracondylar ridge Adducts thigh Obturator nerve (know distinction of hamstring part |
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femoral Triangle Boundaries
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Superiorly – inguinal ligament
Medially – adductor longus m. Laterally – sartorius m. Roof Fascia lata, superficial fascia, skin Floor lateral to medial are the iliacus, psoas major, and pectineus muscles. (IPP) |
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Femoral Triangle Contents
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Femoral nerve & its branches
Femoral sheath & its contents Femoral artery, vein, femoral canal (fat, LV, LN) |
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adductor Canal boundaries and contents
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Laterally - Vastus medialis
Medially - Sartorius muscle – forms roof Posteriorly – Adductor longus & magnus muscles Contents of the canal include the following: - Femoral artery & vein - Saphenous nerve - Nerve to vastus medialis muscle |
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popliteal Fossa boundaries
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Semimembranosus (1)
Semitendinosus (2) Gastrocnemius medial head (3) Gastrocnemius lateral head (5) Biceps femoris |
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popliteal fossa contents
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Popliteal artery, & vein
Tibial & common fibular (peroneal) nerves Small saphenous vein Popliteal lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels The roof of the fossa is deep fascia The floor is knee joint capsule, popliteus m., femur & tibia The medial & lateral sural cutaneous nerves and the distal end of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh are present in this region |
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Lateral Compartment of leg muscles?
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Fibularis longus and brevis
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Fibularis Longus
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Origin: fibula
Insert: cuneiform bone/base of metatarsal Eversion of foot Perforating branches of posterior tibial A and Fibular artery Sup fibular nerve |
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Fibularis Brevis
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Origin: fibula
Insert: tuberosity on base of metatarsal Eversion of foot perforating branches of posterior Tibial A and Fibular artery Sup fibular nerve |
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Anterior leg muscles
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tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum longus Fibularis tertius |
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Tibialis anterior
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Origin: tibia/interosseus membrane
Insert: side of cuneiform/ metatarsals ALL MUSCLES DORSIFLEX Strongest dorsiflexor and inverter of the foot Anterior tibial artery (from hole in interosseus) Deep fibular nerve L4-S1 |
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Extensor hallucis longus
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Origin: Fibula/tibia/interrosseus membrane
Insert: great toe Anterior Tibial A. Deep Fibular Nerve (L4-S1) |
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Extensor digitorum longus
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Origin: lat. tibial condyle
Insert: 2-5 toes anterior Tibial Artery deep fibular nerve |
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Fibularis tertius
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Origin: Fibula
Insert: 5 metatarsal eversion |
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posterior Leg?
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gastrocnemius
soleus plantaris Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus popliteus |
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Gastrocnemius
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Origin: medial and lateral heads arise from femoral condyles
ALL PLANTAR FLEX Posterior Tibial Artery Tibial nerve L4-S1 |
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soleus
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Origin: tibia and fibula
posterior Tibial Artery Tibial Nerve (L4-S1) |
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plantaris
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Origin: lateral supracondylar line
Insert: all three insert at the calcaneus via the achilles tendon posterior Tibial Artery Tibial Nerve (L4-S1) |
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Flexor digitorum longus
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Origin: midway fibula
Flexes lateral 4 toes (S2) posterior Tibial Artery Tibial Nerve (L4-S1) |
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tibialis posterior
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Inverts foot
posterior Tibial Artery Tibial Nerve (L4-S1) |
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Flexor hallucis longus
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Origin: midway fibula
Insert: great toe Flexes great toe (S2) Posterior tibial artery tibial Nerve L4-S1 |
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popliteus
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Lateral Epicondyle Flexes knee and unlock knee (medial and lateral rotation)
Posterior Tibial Artery Tibial Nerve |
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Dorsum of the foot?
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis brevis |
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Extensor digitorum brevis
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Arise from calcaneus
Inserts to lateral aspect of tendons of extensor digitorum longus Anterior Tibial Artery turns in Dorsalis pedis Deep fibular nerve S1,S2, S3 |
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Extensor hallucis brevis
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Arise from calcaneus
Insert at base of proximal phalynx Anterior Tibial Artery turns into Dorsalis Pedis Deep fibular nerve (S1, S2, S3) |
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LOOK AT FOOT MUSCLES IN CHARTS
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Do not forget!!!!!!!!!!!!1
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Greater Sciatic Foramen Above Piriformis
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Superior gluteal nerve, artery, and vein
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Greater Sciatic Foramen Below Piriformis
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sciatic nerve, Pudendal nerve, Interior Pudendal artery and vein, Inferior Gluteal nerve, artery, and vein , Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus, Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus, Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
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Lesser sciatic
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Pudendal Nerve and Vessels
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Obturator Canal
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Obturator Nerve, Obturator vessels
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Gap between inguinal ligament and pelvic bone:
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Psoas major, iliacus, pectineus (IPP), femoral Artery, vein, and lymphatics, Lateral cutaneous nerve
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