Test 2 Medical Anthropology

Front 1

Bacteria

Back 1

prokaryotes, have no true nucleus, unicellual

Front 2

Bacteria shapes

Back 2

cocci (circle),
bacillus (oblong),
vibrio (fetal)

Front 3

Mycobacteria

Back 3

myco means waxy, thick waxy cell wall
ex: leprosy, TB

Front 4

Mycobacterium leprae

Back 4

Leprosy

Front 5

Leprosy

Back 5

slow growing, difficult to transmit
2 forms:
Tuberculoid (paucibacillary)
Lepromatous (multibacillary)

Front 6

Tuberculoid (paucibacillary)

Back 6

Leprosy: skin and nerves only, hypopigmented lesions, minor loss of sensation, may spontaneously heal

Front 7

Lepromatous (multibacillary)

Back 7

Leprosy: many skin lesions, nodules, skin, nerves, bones affected, is infectious

Front 8

Leonine facies

Back 8

Lion face, result of leprosy

Front 9

Penciling

Back 9

MP (metacarpal, phalangeal), deterioration of bone causing loss of digits; nerve damage allows for damage and infection of other bacterial attack

Front 10

King Uzziah

Back 10

King in bible, who is stuck by god and receives Leprosy: Leprosy results from sin, carnal desires, immorality

Front 11

Leprosarium

Back 11

place where lepers are sent to live separate from others

Front 12

Kalaupapa

Back 12

island of Hawaii, 1866 lepers shipped there

Front 13

Father Damien

Back 13

Belgian Catholic Priest 1873 cared for lepers at Kalaupapa Leprosarium, died 1889

Front 14

Gerhard Hansen

Back 14

norweigian doctor, 1873 identified bacillus (m. leprae) in patient, was first discovery of disease casing bacterium, idea was stolen by another

Front 15

Hansen’s disease

Back 15

– leprosy alt name honoring dr Hansen, no negative connotations

Front 16

9-banded armadillo

Back 16

only other animal affected by leprosy

Front 17

Characteristics favoring eradication

Back 17

humans are primary reservoir, cases rarely originate otherwise, if reduced enough, resurgence unlikely

Front 18

Baccilus anthracis

Back 18

rod-shaped, waxy shell; pigs, sheep, cows – lays in waste, decomposing body

Front 19

Anthrax

Back 19

can survive long period of time by spores, decades dormant (in soil or grass)

Front 20

Cutaneous anthrax

Back 20

spores enter wound on skin, most common but not fatal; kills skin tissue, blackened mass dead tissue, scar

Front 21

Inhalational anthrax

Back 21

– rare but fatal (flu-like symptoms), 1 wk or so short breath, close to 100% fatality

Front 22

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Back 22

– ingested, rarest form (in US), moderately fatal, symptoms: bloody diarrhea, adominel pain, vomiting

Front 23

Woolsorter’s disease

Back 23

industrial handling of animal byproduct, anthrax

Front 24

Robert Koch

Back 24

german physician who discovered anthrax, considered one of the founders of bacteriology

Front 25

Sverdlovsk

Back 25

– inhalation anthrax outbreak in Soviet Union affected at least 94 ppl, killed at least 64, covered up by government

Front 26

2001 bioterror in the US

Back 26

22 cases, 11 inhalation, 11 cutaneous, 7 states, 5 deaths; inside job, infectious strain (ames), milled, antistatic, lab worker suspected

Front 27

Salmonella

Back 27

10% fatality, headache, fever, abdominal pain, human disease, fecal/oral route, rare in US; prevalent in areas where health infrastructure is damaged

Front 28

Hansen’s disease

Back 28

– leprosy alt name honoring dr Hansen, no negative connotations

Front 29

9-banded armadillo

Back 29

only other animal affected by leprosy

Front 30

Characteristics favoring eradication

Back 30

humans are primary reservoir, cases rarely originate otherwise, if reduced enough, resurgence unlikely

Front 31

Baccilus anthracis

Back 31

rod-shaped, waxy shell; pigs, sheep, cows – lays in waste, decomposing body

Front 32

Anthrax

Back 32

can survive long period of time by spores, decades dormant (in soil or grass)

Front 33

Cutaneous anthrax

Back 33

spores enter wound on skin, most common but not fatal; kills skin tissue, blackened mass dead tissue, scar

Front 34

Inhalational anthrax

Back 34

– rare but fatal (flu-like symptoms), 1 wk or so short breath, close to 100% fatality

Front 35

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Back 35

– ingested, rarest form (in US), moderately fatal, symptoms: bloody diarrhea, adominel pain, vomiting

Front 36

Woolsorter’s disease

Back 36

industrial handling of animal byproduct, anthrax

Front 37

Robert Koch

Back 37

german physician who discovered anthrax, considered one of the founders of bacteriology

Front 38

Sverdlovsk

Back 38

– inhalation anthrax outbreak in Soviet Union affected at least 94 ppl, killed at least 64, covered up by government

Front 39

2001 bioterror in the US

Back 39

22 cases, 11 inhalation, 11 cutaneous, 7 states, 5 deaths; inside job, infectious strain (ames), milled, antistatic, lab worker suspected

Front 40

Salmonella

Back 40

10% fatality, headache, fever, abdominal pain, human disease, fecal/oral route, rare in US; prevalent in areas where health infrastructure is damaged

Front 41

William Budd

Back 41

1811-1880, English doctor, contra miasma theory, believed person to person, early contagionist-rural doctor

Front 42

George Soper

Back 42

hired to investigate Mary Mallon

Front 43

Typhoid Mary

Back 43

Irish cook in NYC, quarantined twice, caused families she worked for to come down with typhoid, was carrier: invaded biliary tract, excretes through feces, didn’t wash hands

Front 44

Cholera

Back 44

acute diarrheal disease usually accompanied by vomiting, produces extreme dehydration with high rate of mortality

Front 45

Vibrio cholerae

Back 45

bacillus shaped like a coma with flagellum, seen in excreta and intestinal contents of cholera victims

Front 46

Filippo Pacini

Back 46

saw cholera in excreta and intestinal contents of cholera victims and documented it 1854, in Florence; still holds name Vibrio by Pacini, did not make big impact then

Front 47

Robert Koch

Back 47

during 5th pandemic 1881-1896 conducted research in Calcutta and Alexandria led to identification and isolation of causative bacterium

Front 48

Plague

Back 48

14th century plague evolved from pneumonic to bubonic within changing seasons

Front 49

Yersinia pestis

Back 49

bacillus lives in bloodstream of animal or stomach of flea, how plague is spread

Front 50

Bubonic plague

Back 50

disease attacking lymph nodes, bubos develop on groin, armpit, neck, subcutaneous hemorrhaging, poisons nervous system

Front 51

Septicemic plague

Back 51

transmitted by insects, blood is infected w/ bacillus, victim dead before buboes form, rarest of 3 interwoven diseases that make up black death, as lethal as pneumonic

Front 52

Plague pneumonia

Back 52

– 2nd form, attacked lungs, nearly 100% fatality, killed more quickly, most infectious of trio

Front 53

Buboes

Back 53

size of almond, sometimes an orange, found in groin, armpit, neck

Front 54

Black death

Back 54

consists of 3 plague/disease, 14th century killed 1/3 of Europe population, evolved from pneumonic to bubonic within changing seasons

Front 55

Epizootic

Back 55

– disease that spread among animals and humans

Front 56

Brotherhood of the Flagellants

Back 56

religious brotherhood taken to beating themselves bloody with whips to atone for sins

Front 57

Influenza

Back 57

RNA virus, single-stranded, 8 strands; was first thought to be caused by mal aligned stars/planets, astronomy