Test 2 Human Tissues

Front 1

What are the four major tissue types?

Back 1

1. Epithelial
2. Muscle
3. Nerve
4. Connective

Front 2

Epithelial tissue is the basis for __________ formation and creating ____________ between compartments within the body

Back 2

glandular, borders

Front 3

What are the epithelial cells collectively bound to?

Back 3

the basement membrane

Front 4

__________ is an example of epithelium lining blood vessels. ______ is an example of epthelium of the skin.

Back 4

Endothelium; epidermis

Front 5

________ tissues support the other basic tissues, structurally and functionally, and are composed of fibers and __________ substance.

Back 5

connective; ground

Front 6

Give examples of specific types of connective tissue.

Back 6

-bone
-cartilage
-blood
adipose tissue
-connective tissue proper
-mesenchymal CT

Front 7

What are the three different types of muscle tissue? classify them.

Back 7

Skeletal- striated, voluntary
Cardiac-striated, involuntary
Smooth- non-striated, involuntary

Front 8

Nerve tissue can be a part of two systems: ______ AND _______. _____ includes the brain and spinal cord. ____ consists of all peripheral nerves and ganglia. The supporting cells of the _____ are schwann cells, while collectively neuroglial cells are supporing the ____.

Back 8

CNS, PNS, CNS, PNS, PNS, CNS

Front 9

Neurons are nerve cells that transmit ________ ________ and consist of ___, _____, and dendrites.

Back 9

electrical impulses; axon, cell body

Front 10

What are the three layers produced by gastrulation? Where are they located in regards to when they develop?

Back 10

Ectoderm- externally; skin, neural tissue
Mesoderm-in between;skeleton, muscle, heart, kidney, blood, reproductive
Endoderm- internally ;lungs, GI, thyroid, liver, pancreas

Front 11

Give some examples of light microscopy types

Back 11

bright-field, florescent, phase contrast, differntial interference contrast, dark field, polarizing

Front 12

What are some of the different types of electron microscopy? Give a description.

Back 12

Transmission (TEM) - fixation and embedding similar to light microscopy
Scanning- (SEM)- specimens are fixed, dried, and coated with metal film
-Freeze fracture: no chemical fixation involved

Front 13

Describe two different staining mechanisms involved with specimen preparation for microscopy.

Back 13

HE stain: Hematoxylin- stains blue or purple
PAS- cars stain pink or red

Front 14

What is the difference between Direct and Indirect immunofluorecense?

Back 14

Direct- antibody is directly tagged
Indirect- piggyback approach, primary antibody binds to antigen, and then the secondary is tagged w/ flourescnet

Front 15

What are examples of functions of the epithelium?

Back 15

protection, absorption, secretion, excretory, lubrication, sensory, reproduction

Front 16

Structural features of the epithelium include:

Back 16

-covers free or exposed surfaces of body
-sits on basement membrane
-avascular
-polarized by tight junctions
-form boundry
derived from all 3 germ layers

Front 17

What two structures form the basement membrane?

Back 17

basal laminae and and reticular laminae

Front 18

What two structures are the basil laminae between?

Back 18

epithelium and connective tissue

Front 19

What are the major functions of the basal laminae?

Back 19

-interface
-physical binding of epithelial cells to supporting connective tissue
-permits movement of blood contents
-filters molecules
-role in cell gowth and proliferation
- influences cell metaboism

Front 20

What are the protein components of the basal laminae? What are their functions?

Back 20

-laminin- connected by integrins
-Type IV collagen- connected to the laminin by nidogen and perlecan

Front 21

What is an example of an area that breaks the organizational structure of epithelium, bl, and connective tissues?

Back 21

Bowman's capsule of the kidney- doesn't have CT b/c works with filtration

Front 22

Give examples of the different way that epithelial tissue is classified based on their morphological characteristics:

Back 22

-The number of cell layers: simple one layer, pseudostratified, and stratified
-The shape of component cells- squamous, cuboidal, columnar
-The presence of specialized structures- cilia, microvilli, keratinized vs. nonkeratinized

Front 23

Where are squamous simple ep. found?

Back 23

lining of blood vessels, body cavities, respiratory alveoli, bowmans capsule

Front 24

Where are simple cuboidal ep found?

Back 24

-ducts of exocrine glands
-kidney tubules
-thyroid folicles
-ovaries surfaces

Front 25

Where are simple columnar ep. found?

Back 25

stomach lining, small and large I, gall bladder, exocrine glands

Front 26

Where are pseudostrat, stratified sq, cub, and colum found respectively?

Back 26

-trachea, bronchial tree, male reproductive tract, olfactory ep
-skin, oral cavity, vagina
-sweat gland ducts, exocrine gland, anorectal
-exo,ano

Front 27

Transitional ep is found in

Back 27

UTI

Front 28

What are the two different types of epithelial glands? What is a major difference between the two?

Back 28

-exocrine- secrete through ducts
-endocrine-secrete directly into bloodstream

Front 29

Exocrine gland classification based on: structure, secretion produces, mechanisms of secretion.

Back 29

-tubular vs acinar; simple vs. compound
-sec products: serous, mucous, mixed
-merocrine(exocytosis), holocrine (mitosis), apocrine (bud)

Front 30

Epithelium renewal is only fast- T/F

Back 30

False- it can be fast or slow

Front 31

What is the difference between a carcinoma and adenocarcinomas?

Back 31

carcinoma- tumors of epithelial origin
adenocarcinomas- tumor of glandular ep. origin