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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is cognition |
Mental activities involved in acquiring,storing, retrieving, and communicating of information |
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what functions makes up cognition |
sensation,perception, memory, imagery, concept formation, reasoning, decision making,problem solving, and language. |
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concepts |
amental category used to classify or group together objects, people, events,organizations, or relations that have common characteristics or attributes eg. newspaper,student, college |
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formal concepts |
based on clearlydefined set of rules basedon formal definitions based oncharacteristics AKA artificial concept |
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natural concepts |
basedon everyday perceptions and experiences which are acquired through experience AKA fuzz concept |
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prototype
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an example that embodies the most common and typical features of a concept prototypesaffect thinking culture experience influences prototypes |
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Heuristics |
rule of thumb that helps narrow down possible solutions to a problem |
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Availabilityheuristic |
the tendency to base decision making on information that we easily remember |
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representativeness heuristic |
based on how closely an object or situation resembles or matches a familiar one |
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recognition heuristic |
a strategy in which decision making stops as soon as a factor that moves one toward a decision has been recognized |
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Framing |
The way information is presented so as to emphasize either a potential gain or a potential loss as the outcome |
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Anchoring |
overestimation of the importance of a factor by focusing on it to the exclusion of other relevant factors |
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means-endanalysis |
comparing current position with a desired goal and taking steps to close the gap between them |
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analogyheuristic |
applying a solution that worked in past to current problem that shares many features with the past problem |
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Functional fixedness |
failure to use familiar objects in novel ways to solve problems |
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Mentalset |
using the same method even though there are better methods |
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Whorf (Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis) |
believes that the language we usedetermines the way we view the world or how we think |
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Spearman (generalability) (g factor)
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a general intellectual ability that underlies all mental operations to some degree (reasoning, solving problems) |
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Thurston's 7 mental abilities?
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verbalcomprehension, numericalability, spatialrelations, perceptualspeed, wordfluency, memoryreasoning |
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gardner's theory of intelligence? |
logical-mathematical intelligence, spatialintelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musicalintelligence, interpersonalintelligence, intra-personal intelligence, naturalisticintelligence, existentialintelligence |
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sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence |
Componential-analytical intelligence experiential-creative thinking Contextual |
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contextual |
practical intelligence/ common sense/ street smart |
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Componential-analytical intelligence |
includes your ability to successfully complete academic tasks, solve analogies |
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experiential-creative thinking |
involves insights, synthesis and the ability to react to novel situations and stimuli |
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TheWechsler Intelligence Tests |
developed first individual intelligence test for adults / the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV, 2008): uses verbal and nonverbal items - measures Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), and General Ability Index (GAI) |
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ranges of intelligence? |
Average IQ is 100, 130 is superior, below 70 mental retardation |
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Convergentthinking |
attempts to focus on a single best solution/ answer to a problem |
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Divergentthinking |
generating multiple ideas or solutions to a problem |
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Creativeproblem-solving process |
Preparation, Incubation, Illumination, Translation |
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Phonemes |
smallest units of sound in spoken language letters combined to form sounds |
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Morphemes |
smallest units of meaning in language made up of two or more phonemes singly and in combination form words and provide meaning |
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Pragmatics |
characteristics such as intonations and gestures that indicate the social meaning of language |
