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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Wien's Law

You can measure the temp of a distant object without having to travel to it.

Doppler Effect

Measures the motion of an object toward or away from the observer

Distance between sun and earth

1 AU (150mil Km)

temperature of Sun's surface

5800Kelvins

The two elements most abundant within the sun

Hydrogen and Helium

Helioseismology

Used to map the inside of the sun

Zeeman Effect

Used to measure the magnetic fields of sun spots, splits spectral lines into multiple components

Solar Cycle Minimum

Little to no sunspot activity -->colder winter on earth

How many reactions occur in the proton-proton chain?

3

Nuclear fusion takes 4 hydrogen nuclei and makes how many helium?

1

The order of the suns layers

Core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosomes, and corona

Core

10% mass of sun, where energy is created

Radiative zone

Energy transported to surface

Convective zone

Hot plasma rises to surface

Photosphere

Visible surface of sun, 5800K

Chromosphere

Middle atmosphere

Corona

Outer atmosphere 1 millionK

Blue shift

Object coming towards you, shorter wavelengths

Red shift

Object is going away from you, longer wavelengths

Continuous spectrum

Displays smooth variation in intensity of ALL wavelengths with NO BREAKS

Emission Spectrum

Photons emitted by excited gas (mostly black with bits of bright-line spectra)

Absorption spectrum

When radiation passes through cool gas (Continuous spectrum with bits of dark-line spectra within in)

radio telescopes

Ground based, use interferometry

Reflective telescope

Concave mirror focuses light into focal plane

Refractive telescope

Focuses light onto the focal plane

The law of mutual gravitation

Galileo and acceleration of falling objects

Acceleration doesn't depend on weight of an object or the height from which it is dropped

Weight

The measure of gravitational force on an object

Mass

The measurement of the amount of matter an object contains

Inverse square law

The gravitational force of one body on another will be 9 times stronger at 2 meters than at 6 meters apart.

Perigee

The point in an objects orbit around earth when the object is closest to earth

Spring tides

Twice/ month@ new and full moon when high tides are exceptionally high and low tides are exceptionally low.

Newtons First Law of Motion

An object with no force acting on it continues @rest or moves in a uniform motion in a straight line with constant velocity

Momentum

Equal to its velocity multiplied by its mass

Force due to gravity between two objects depends on what?

The mass of each object and the distance between them

Kinetic Energy

Refers to the energy of a moving body

Shortest -->longest wavelength of different categories of electromagnetic radiation

Gamma-->x-ray-->ultraviolet-->visible light-->infared-->microwave-->radio

Visible wavelength

(Purple/blue)400nm-700nm(red)

photons

A particle of electromagnetic radiation

Ion

An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons

Isotopes

Atoms that have the same number of protons (same element) but different number of neutrons

What must an atom do to move from a higher to a lower energy level

Emit a photon

1st postulate of special relativity

Observers can never detect their uniform motion except relative to other objects

2nd postulate of special relativity

Speed of light within a vacuum is combatant and will have same value for all observers independent of Motion

Equivalency principle of theory of general relativity

Observers can't distinguish locally between inertial forces due to acceleration and uniform gravitational forces due to presence of massive body

When can photons be absorbed by an atom of an element

If they match one of several possible wavelengths that are absorbed by that element

What is acceleration due to gravity

9.8 m/s^2

Newtons 2nd Law of Motion

The acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to its mass, directly proportional to the force, and in the sane direction as the force. F=ma

Newtons 3rd law of Motion

To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

What causes the earth's tides

Caused by small differences gravitational forces

Neap tides

Twice/ month @ 1st and 3rd qtr moon resulting in slightly lower high tide and slightly higher low tide