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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Potassium Level
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( 3.5-5.0) rsb for cardiac function |
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Sodium Level
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( 135-145 ) most abundant ECF rsb for muscle contraction low sodium= confused pt |
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Isotonic Level
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( 275-295)
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BUN= Level = Measures What = |
Blood/ Urea/ Nitrogen 7-20 Kidney Function |
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Creatinine Level= Measures= |
( 0.5-1.5 ) Kidney function |
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AST= ALT= Measures what= |
AST= ( 5-40 ) ALT= ( 7-56 ) Liver enzyme function |
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ph of blood paCO2 HCO3 ABG= |
(7.35-7.45) 45-35 22-26 Arterial Blood Gas |
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pa02= o2 SAT= |
PaO2= 80-100 02 sat = 95-100% |
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Isotonic FLuids= Cases: |
Same solute concentration as body fluid D5W 0.9% NS Lactated Ringers ( LR) Hypovolemia / blood and fluid loss |
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Hypertonic FLuids= Cases= |
Higher solute concentration than body fluids D10W 3%NS 5%NS D5.9NS D5.45NS D5LR Hypervolemia / Fluid Excess /Edema want to pull fluid out cell shrinks fluid goes to Blood Vessel |
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Hypotonic Fluids= Cases= |
Less solute than body fluid .45%NS .33%NS Dehydration Cell expands...H20 leaves blood vessel into cell |
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Age related changes in drug Response
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1. Decreased Lean Body Mass 2. Decreased Liver Function 3. Decreased Kidney Function 4. Decreased CNS 5. Decreased Oral Secretions/ dry mouth |
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pharmacodynamics
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what drugs do to the body
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pharmacokinetics
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what the body chemistry does to the drug Absorption Distribution metabolism excretion |
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absorption is influenced by:
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lipid content of drug ph level of drug amount of blood flow route of admin- oral / IV / parenteral /dermal |
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First pass effect
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occurs in LIVER breaks down to inactive drug molecules smaller % of drug remains active and absorbs into the blood |
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EXCRETION
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kidneys process excretion urine, bile, sweat, mammary glands |
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Respiratory Acidosis Case= |
Hypoventilation breathing too slow / too much CO2 accumulates becomes acidic |
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Respiratory Alkalosis Case= |
Hyperventilation too much CO2 is lost....becomes basic |
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Metabolic Acidosis Case |
Low level of HCO3 below 22 kidney not functioning |
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Metabolic ALkalosis Case= |
Hco3 too high above 26 kidney not functioning |
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Intradermal
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5-15 degree angle pull skin taut bevel side up insert 1/8" usually forearm dose usually less than 0.5 ml tb syringe |
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Magnesium Level function |
1-5-2.5 rsb for enzyme activities metabolism or carbs / proteins |
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Calcium Level
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8.6-10.2
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Phosphate
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2.5-4.5 healthy bones and teeth |
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7 parts of a medication order
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signature of md date and time patient name drug dose frequency route |
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diffusion
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movement of solute H to Low xchange of CO2 O2 alveoli capillaries |
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Active transport
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movement of solute against concentration gradient from low to high needs ATP movement of glucose |
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Filtration
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passage of fluids blood pushing through capillaries |
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hypovolemia
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loss of body fluid weight loss over short period monitor I and O replace fluids - isotonic assess skin turgor |
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hypervolemia
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excess fluid - use hypertonic edema/ jvd / crackles in lungs monitor I /O fluid restriction low sodium diet |
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factors affecting drug action
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weight gender ethnic/genetic psychological environmental-noise timing of administration |
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trough level
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point drug is at lowest level take labs 30 min before next dose |
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incentive spirometer
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semi fowlers exhale and fully empty lungs inhale slowly and deeply hold breath count to 3 check level of gauge prevents atelectasis of alveoli |
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hypoxemia
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low O2 in blood tachypnea tachycardia cyanosis clubbing of fingers |
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nursing interventions to promote respiratory functioning |
raise bed 30-45 degrees pursed lip breathing cough / breath deeply report changes in sputum monitor ABG incentive spirometer |
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SQ Subcutaneous
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45-90 degrees slower than IM into adipose layer 1 ml dose 5/8" needle pinch skin upper arm abdomen |
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IM Intramuscular
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faster onset 72-90 degrees Z track method 1" needle vastus lateralis ventrogluteal deltoid |
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factors affecting bowel elimination |
food and fluids activity level daily patterns medications pathology lifestyle surgery |
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nursing interventions to promote BE |
nutrition-high fiber foods timing position privacy exercise |
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elimination of feces
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enema rectal catheter oral intestinal lavage suppositories digital removal |
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factors that influence communication |
developmental gender sociocultural roles/responsibilities mental emotional state environment |
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ways to promote communication |
warm & friendly authentic competant honest comfortable environment privacy good pacing |
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non therapuetic
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not seeing pt as human cliches false assurances yes/no ?s giving advice judgemental gossip |
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conflict resolution
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avoidance accomodation force compromise collaboration |
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examples of verbal communicaton |
patient education family communication SBAR with nurses |
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non verbal communication
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eye contact hand gestures mode of dressing hygiene posture |
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phases of helping relationship |
orientationworking termination
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