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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consciousness |
Everything we are aware of at any given time: Thoughts, feelings, mental processes or events outside ourselves. |
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Altered States of Consciousness |
Mental state other than ordinary waking consciousness: sleeping, meditating, hypnosis |
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Selective Attention |
Focusing of conscious awareness at a particular simulus |
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Circadian Rhythms |
Biological Clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour clock. - Controlled by the brain |
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The effect of light on Circadian Rhythm |
Activates light-sensitive retinal proteins; trigger signals to a brain region that controls biological clock |
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How does the brain control circadian rhythm? |
The Brain's Pineal Gland decreases production of sleep-inducing melatonin (morning), increased in evening |
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Jet lag/Shift work effects on rhythm? |
Biological Clock is syched with usual time zone, not the zone you are visiting. - difficult to sleep when body is telling you to wake up and be alert - chronic disruptions in rhythm can lead to physical/psychological problems |
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Why sleep? |
Linked to release of pituitary growth hormone - evolutionary value - helps restore brain tissue and memory |
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Effects of sleep loss? |
Sleep deprivation leads to difficulty performing tasks and increases tendency to make mistakes; - need sleep to help immune system function, maintain homeostasis -suppression of disease |
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What is NREM sleep? |
Sleep where there are no rapid eye movements - heart and respiration are regular and slow - blood pressure and brain activity are at lowest points has four stages |
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Stage 1 NREM |
Irregular brain waves, just as you enter sleep. May experience hallucinations |
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Stage 2 NREM |
Periodic sleep spindles; bursts of rhythmic brain activity, sleep talking may occur at this stage. |
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Stage 3 NREM |
transitional; brain starts to emit delta waves |
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Stage 4 NREM |
Delta waves; large and slow brain waves associated with deep sleep - lasts for 40mins |
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What is REM sleep? |
"Rapid Eye movement sleep" - 20% - 25% of adult sleep - intense brain activity - most dreaming occurs during REM sleep |
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Sleep: Child vs. Adult |
Youth: Longest sleep time and highest percentage of REM and deep sleep. Adult: usually experience decrease in quality and quantity of sleep |
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What is a dream? |
sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts that pass through a sleeping person's mind. - 8/10 dreams marked by negative emotions |
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Dream Theories: Freud? |
He believes dreams are a safety valve to dispel unacceptable feelings. Manifest content: storyline of the dream Latent content: meaning behind the dream |
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Types of Dreams? |
REM rebound: Nightmares/ unpleasant dreams REM dreams: dream-like, story-like quality; vivid, clear, emotional NREM dreams: more thought-like quality dream Lucid dream: dreamer is aware of dream and can potentially influence it |
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What does not occur during hypnosis? |
Person is: - aware of what is going on during hypnosis - will not violate moral values - cannot demonstrate superhuman strength - Are not under complete control |
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3 Psychoactive drugs? |
Stimulant: drugs that speed up activity of nervous system (ex. crack, cocaine) Hallucinogen: Alters perception and mood (LSD, Ecstasy) Depressant: Decrease activity in nervous system (alcohol, heroine) |
