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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is deviance |
The violation of any social norm |
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Normality is |
Socially constructed |
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Folkway |
Minor norm that if violated will typically illicit an informal sanction |
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Mores |
Norms with great significance. If broken they will typically receive formal social sanctions |
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Taboos |
Norms that are so socially unacceptable that to even discuss them is thought to be shameful |
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What is social cohesion |
The degree to which a community is bonded together |
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Norms and in/formal sanctions are used to generate this |
Social cohesion |
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What is social control |
The mechanisms in society that communicate what is allowed in society and what the consequences are for violating social expectations of behavior |
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Functionalists believe |
Deviance serves an important role in maintaining stability and secuirty |
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Strain theory argues |
Deviance is the result of everyone not having the ability to achieve socially desirable cultural goals |
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Conformist |
A person who has access to and accepts the conventional means and uses them to achieve cultural goals |
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Innovator |
A person who does not have access to or rejects the conventional means but still accepts and achieves cultural goals |
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Ritualist |
A person who has access to and accepts the conventional means, but rejects the cultural goals |
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Retreatist |
A person who "drops out" of society; rejecting both the conventional means and the cultural goals |
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Rebel |
Seeks new goals through new means |
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Howard Becker |
Marijuana |
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Primary deviance |
The first act of rule breaking that may receive a deviant or negative label |
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Secondary deviance |
Subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance |
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Stigma |
A particularly negative social label that affects how you view yourself and how others view you |
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Just world hypothesis |
The need to believe that the world is an orderly place that makes sense |
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FBI crime index |
Collection of arrest data |
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What kills more people than all violent crimes combined |
Occupational hazards |
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Where is the biggest threat to our money |
Tax cheating and fraud and from consumer deception and embezzlement |
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FBI crime index does not include |
DUI, business fraud, embezzlement, tax evasion |
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The majority of drug arrests are for |
Possessing |
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Who reported the highest rate of drug use in the past year |
Whites |
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_____ college students reported using illicit drugs more than any other race |
Hispanics |
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Traditional authority |
Authority is afforded to people because of the status their role in society has carried for generations |
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Charismatic authority |
Authority that is given to a person because of their "superhuman appeal" that is their charisma, likability, and leadership skills |
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Legal rational authority |
Authority bestowed upon people based upon a system of impersonal legal rules |
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You can have more than __ source of authority at a time |
One |
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Social stratification is |
How a society is sorted into groups |
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Structural functionalists argue |
Social stratification is universal it must be serving some function in society |
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How do you enter a strata |
You are born into it |
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Meritocracy |
You rise or fall based upon your talents and your hardwork |
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Caste System |
No mobility |
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Class System |
Mobility |
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What did Karl Marx believe |
Social location within the economy determined your status |
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Bourgeoisie |
Have |
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Proletariat |
Have nots |
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Max Weber believed |
A class of people was defined by the similar life chances they held |
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Socioeconomic status |
An individuals position in a stratified social order, Typically based on income, education, and occupation |
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Income |
Money received by a person for work or from returns on investments |
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Wealth |
A family's or individuals net worth (total assets-debt) |
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What do we have in the US? |
A class system |
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The bottom 80% hold ___ of the total net worth in the US |
16% |
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The upper class makes most of their money on |
Returns from investments |
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Supply-side economics |
The idea that if you cut the tax rate and provide incentives for the richest among us they will create jobs for the poor |
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Social Reproduction |
If we compare one generation to the next and we see the social strata are simply recreated |
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Intergenerational mobility |
The mobility that happens between generations |
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Intragenerational mobility |
The mobility that occurs during a single life time |
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Vertical mobility |
When you move up or down the social ladder |
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Horizontal mobility |
When you move from one life situation to another that is at a similar social class |
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Structural mobility |
Movement up or down the social ladder that stems from changes in the economy |
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Most americans do what? |
Exceed their parents income |
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Less than half of those who start at the bottom do what |
Stay there |
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James Loewen |
History textbooks |
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Poverty line was 22,050 |
Women & children |
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Wealthfare |
When the government spends money to support the non poor |
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Race |
Isn't so much a biological fact as it is a social myth. It is socially constructed |
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Race is |
A group of people who share similar social and sometimes physical characteristics |
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Racial formation theory |
How racial categories are socially constructed |
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Thomas Theorem |
Situations defined as real are real in their consequences |
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Ethnicity |
A shared cultural heritage; that is a collection of cultural traits, values and traditions that is frequently connected to the nations a person descends from |
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Prejudice |
A belief or thought |
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Discrimination |
An action |
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Microagressions |
May or may not intend to hurt someone with your words/actions, they still hurt the person they are directed to |
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Internalized racism |
Racial self-hatred |
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Dichotomized racism |
You are either racist or you are not |
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Institutional discrimination |
Normal operations of society |
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What is job query |
Method where researches send out fake job applications to firms to see which ones gets a "call back" for an interview |
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Redlining |
Areas that were not predominately white were marked and declared too risky to provide loans to |
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Steering |
The process by which racial ethnic minorities are steered away from predominately white neighborhoods and toward areas that are predominately of the same racial ethnic category |
