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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ideology |
Set of specific beliefs about power, political values, and the proper role of government |
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Libertarian |
Complete opposite of a Populist
Individual liberties in mind
Small government for everything: markets and personal values |
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Classical Liberalism (Lockean) |
Society is the product of the individuals
Everyone is equal under the law and is limited by individual rights
Government exists to protect and serve individuals |
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Political Culture |
A set of general, widely shared beliefs, values, and norms about how the political system works (and how it should) |
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Conservative |
Government is seen as a referee
Small government for markets Big government for social, moral, and personal aspect
Individual is flawed they want big gov over our bodies- drugs, marriage, sex |
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Liberal |
Government is seen as a coach
Government protects individuals from private sectors
Big government for economy, but no where else- stronger regulations except with our bodies |
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Populist |
Complete opposite of Libertarian
Big government for everything- markets and personal values |
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Political Socialization |
The complex process through which people become aware of political life, learn political facts and form political values
Process by which we acquire knowledge of politics Political learning |
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Socializing Agents |
Family- general and intimate
School- Grade School: very little idea about symbols Middle School: vauge notion High School: start thing more critically some don't start this until college
Community, Peer Groups, Political Events, Media |
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Primacy Principle |
What is learned first is learned best
Almost impossible to unlearn something even if its false |
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Structuring Priniciple |
What is learned first structures later learning |
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Public Opinion |
The aggregation of people's views about issues, situations, and public figures |
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Random Sample |
Everyone has a roughly equal chance of being polled |
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Selection Bias |
The distortions caused when a sampling method systematically includes or excludes people with certain attitudes from the sample |
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Measurement Error |
Opinions being measured inaccurately |
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Issue Publics |
A group of people particularly affected by, or concerned with a specific issue |
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Mass Media |
The technical devices employed in mass communication |
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Partisan Press |
1780's- early 1800's
Central role was NOT fact reporting- it was to make a political point (papers were organized by political parties) |
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Public Press |
Early 1800's- early 1900's
Literacy started to explode- made newspapers more fun to read: crime and sex sold
Covered more local stories/politics |
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Gatekeepers |
Which events to report and how to handle elements of events
What information we receive an which parts to highlight |
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Issue Framing |
Power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted |
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Media Biases |
Convey information in a non-neutral way
Ideological- more liberal/conservative in language and stories Professional- not knowing a whole lot on a specific topic they are writing/reporting Toward Individual/Personalities- people over institutions or policies Bad News Bias- Crime rate going down emphasis on crime is going up |
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Selective Perception |
Absorbing information consistent with their predisposition and discounting the rest |
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Adversarial Journalism |
i dont know |
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Iron Triangle |
Describes the stable, cooperative relationship that often develops between- a congressional committee, Administrative agency/department, and one ore more Interest Groups |
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Interest Group |
An organized body of individuals who share common goals and try to influence government decisions in certain policy areas |
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Pluralism |
Theory that all interests are/should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation United States |
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Neocorporatism |
Theory that there should be an ordered, working relationship between important interest groups and the government Japan, France, Germany |
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Free Rider |
No matter how popular the cause of an IG they have trouble finding members an contributions
Groups accomplishments fall short of what it could be if everyone that believed in the purpose lent a hand |
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Lobbying |
Attempts by interest groups representatives to influence the decisions of public officials |
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Disturbance Theory |
People are brought together when they are adversely affected by a disturbance or some identifiable event that alters the equilibrium in a sector of society Workers unionizing |
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Selective incentives theory |
People are brought together by the rewards or incentives that help them to overcome the "free rider" phenomenon |
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Entrepreneur Theory |
People are brought together by ambitious energetic, entrepreneurial leadership Paton/ Sugar Daddies |
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Solidary Benefits |
Social Benefits/togetherness |
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Material Benefits |
Physical/valuable/information |
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Purposive Benefits |
Issue oriented goals |
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Types of Interest Group Inequality |
Representational Inequality- who is represented by Interest Group's Resource Inequality- different levels of resources; money, human, ability to communicate Access- don't have access to policy makers |
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PAC |
Specialized organizations for raising and spending campaign funds |
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(Party) Machine |
Highly organized party under the control of a boss and based on patronage and control of government activities
Machines were common in many cities in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century |
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The "plus side" of strong parties |
i dont know |
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The "minus side" of strong parties |
i dont know |
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Divided Government |
One party holds the presidency by does not control Congress
Voters are unsure who is responsible for lingering social problems |
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Patronage |
The dispensation of government jobs and contracts |
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Ticket-Splitting |
Supporting candidates of different parties in the same election |
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Soft Money |
Money contributed by interest groups, labor unions, and individual donors that is not subject to federal regulation |
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Realignment |
Shift occurring when the pattern of groups support for political parties changes in a significant and lasting way |
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Electoral College |
You have people who vote for you |
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Matching Funds |
Qualifying presidential candidates may have their fund raising matched dollar for dollar, as long as they agree not to exceed a spending limit, and as long as they continue to do well in successive state primaries |
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FECA |
i dont know |
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Political Party |
Any group seeking to elect governmental office-holders under a given label |
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Party Identification |
Party ID |
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Voting-age Population |
Number of people older than the age of 18
A number that includes some groups legally ineligible to vote; felons, mental unstable, non citizens |
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SMDP Single Member District Plurality |
Divided constituencies/voting districts
One winner from each district
Since there is no reward for second place, there is more of a lean towards two (and only two) political parties |
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(MM)PR Multi Member Proportional Representation |
Political geography is divided into voting districts
Each district elects several winners (3 to 7)
The winners in each district is proportional to the percentage of vote the party received |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Voter Turnout |
Number of ballots cast divided by voting-age population |
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Retrospective Voting |
Voting on the basis of past performances |
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Incumbency Advantage |
The electoral benefit of being a sitting member of Congress after taking into account other relevant traits |
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Closed Primary |
Members only affair; this person has been registered as a party member for 30-60 days prior; varies state to state |
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Open Primary |
All registered voters may participate in a party primary but only one party on one day
Republican primary Monday Democratic primary Tuesday |
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Open Seat |
i dont know |
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Gerrymandering |
Drawing lines of voting geography to benefit a certain group |
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Responsible Party Government |
A set of principles that idealizes a strong role for parties in defining their stance on issues, mobilizing voters, and fulfilling their campaign promises once in office |
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Ways to increase Voter turnout |
Increase Education and Income
Institutional/Procedural Change Voter-friendly Registration Rules Proportional Representation Infrequent and Simultaneous Elections w/ smaller ballots Weekend Voting and Mail Ballots Compulsory Voting- illegal not to vote |
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Reasons for low voter turn out |
i dont know |
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Functions of Interest Groups |
Representation- like gov and constitutes Participation- enlarge your opinion, additional path to participate in gov Education- Produce reports, public meetings Agenda Building- bringing issues to life by getting attention Program Monitoring- people at hearings letting everyone know what is going on |
