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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA is a long chain of subunits called what? |
nucleotides |
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What are the same in every nucleotide of DNA? |
Phosphate and sugar |
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What are the components of a DNA molecule? |
A phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and an organic base. |
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Adenine and guanine are the large, double-ringed, organic bases called what in the nucleotides of DNA? |
Purines |
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Cytosine and thymine are the small, single-ringed, organic bases called what found in DNA nucleotides? |
pyrimidines |
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What did Chargaff's rule observe? |
A=T, G=C. |
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A change in the sequence of bases in one or more genes is referred to as what? |
mutation |
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An enzyme responsible for assembling a complementary DNA strand by adding DNA nucleotides onto a primer. |
DNA polymerase III |
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3 types of point mutations in DNA. |
Base substitution, insertion, and deletion. |
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A nucleotide insertion or deletion that shifts the register of the DNA message is a type of point mutation called what? |
Frame-shift mutation. |
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DNA complementarity refers to what? |
The fact that the sequence on one strand completely determines the sequence on the other. |
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A change in the position of a gene or part of a gene. |
recombination |
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An operon in a prokaryotic cell is a section of DNA that what? |
contains a cluster of genes that are transcribed together |
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The three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to an mRNA codon. |
anticodon |
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Alterations to DNA or histones that affect gene expression, but do not alter the sequence of NDA nucleotides. |
epigenetic modification |
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During protein synthesis, what does transfer RNA do? |
brings amino acids to the ribosome |
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During what process is an mRNA copy of DNA made? |
transcription |
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What is transcription? |
It's the first stage of gene expression. Information is transferred from DNA to RNA and an mRNA copy of the DNA is produced. |
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During what process is the order of nucleotides in mRNA used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide? |
translation |
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What modifications are made to the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes to protect from degradation? |
Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail. |
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Starting at the _______ located at the beginning of a gene, RNA polymerase synthesizes ________. |
promoter; an mRNA transcript of the DNA |
