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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is eukaryotic cell division called?
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mitosis or the seperation of 2 copies of dna into daughter haploid cells
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What is it called when you are either missing or contain an extra chromosome?
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monomy = missing
trisomy = extra |
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What are somatic cells?
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non-reproductive cells contains: 23 pairs 2n=46 in humans / diploid #
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What are gametes?
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sex cells, receiving 1 haploid chromosome from each parent = 23 pairs from each parent
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What are homologous chromosomes?
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pairs of chromosome with the same basic gene and each pair is made up of one inherited chromosome from each parent = x
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What is a karyotype?
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individuals particular array of chromonsomes
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What is a genotyp in relation to a phenotype?
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the genotype is the specific genetic blueprint or DNA a person has and phenotype is the specific characteristic or expression of that specific trait
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Explain the purpose of cell division?
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cell division is needed for the growth and development of an organism and for the ability to offset death
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What are the universl steps of cell division in ALL organisms?
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1. DNA replication
2. seperation of DNA copies 3. seperations of cells into daughter cells |
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What is prokaryotic cell division called?
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binary fission or the process beginning in the middle of the cell to ensure 1 daughter cell ends up in each portion of the new cells
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Describe the steps of binary fission?
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1. DNA replicates
2. cell elongates - DNA cpies seperate and move apart 3. septation occurs - FtsZ protein ring forms at midpoint while constricting with the inward growth of the septum 4. cell pinches off into 2 daughter cells |
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Explain what happens during each stage of mitosis?
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1. prophase = chromosome condense fully - visible
- spindle assembles and microtubles connect inbetween the kinetochore and spindle poles -nuclear envelope breaks and nucleolus disappears 2. metaphase = chromosomes attach to sister chromatids and allign ensuring one copy goes to each new cell 3. anaphase = sisters/centromeres are pulled toward the poles as the microtubles get shorter 4. telophase = opposite of prophase = chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms and spindle disassenbles |
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What is cytokinesis?
how is this different in animals and plants? |
cleavage of one cell into two daughter cells
animals = constriction of actin filament plants = cell plate forms |
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explain cell cycle checkpoints?
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1. g1/s = primary division decision ckpt
2. g2/m = commitment to mitosis 3. spindle ckpt = ensure chromosomes are aligned and ready to seperate for anaphase |
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explain the difference between proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes?
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p.o are normal genes that stimulate growth
o = her-2/neu mutation or breast cancer genes tsg = are genes that cause cell suicide or apoptosis - in which case the p53 is absent or inactive |
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Bonus:
a. what is the cervical cancer vaccine called? b. what is erythropoitein? |
a. gardisil
b. it is a nerve groth factor triggering cell division in red blood cells |