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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the result of enzymatic reaction?
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A decrease in the energy of activation of chemical reactions
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Which is a product of the reaction between an acid and a base
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a salt
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Which component of bone operates to reduce the brittleness of bone?
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Collagen
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During bone development, which process is responsible for ossification of most of the axial skeleton?
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primarily intramembranous ossification
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Which statement correctly identifies the differences between cartilage and bone?
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Cartilage is avascular and has no fibers; bone is vascular and has no collagen fibers.
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Which features are unique to thoracic vertebrae?
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Facets and demifacets
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When a person sits of a chair with thighs together, the thighs are in which position?
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Flexed and adducted
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Which condition causes a muscle cramp?
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Changes in membrane permeability
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Which bony landmarks are used to measure the combined length of the femur and tibia to determine the lenght of the leg?
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The anterior inferior iliac spine to the lateral malleolus of the fibula
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Which most efficiently buffers plasma acid?
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Bicarbonate buffer
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Which factor will contribute to the formation of edema?
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Lowered blood proteins
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Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
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Left atrium
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If the connection between the vagus nerve and the heart were severed, how would the heart rate be affected? the heart rate would
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increase
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If a person with high blood pressure has an elevated afterload, what is most likely to occur?
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The end-systolic volum will increase
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During aerobic respiration glucose is oxidized, yielding adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What two other compounds are produced?
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Carbon dioxide and water
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Manual stimulation of the baroreceptors of the carotid sinuses by massaging the neck over the carotid sisnuses would have which effects?
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a drop in blood pressure and a drop in heart rate.
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Which most directly stimulates respiration?
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Carbon dioxide
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A high-fat meal would cause an increase in the level of which substance in the blood?
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Cholecystokinin (CCK)
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Which action occurs during swallowing?
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The tongue closes the oropharynx.
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Gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin are what type of chemical substance?
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Hormones
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Which condition leads to the decresed oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?
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Lack of intrinsic factor
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During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular pressure the lowest?
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Rapid ventricular filling
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Which vitamin is considered toxic if taken in excess?
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Retinol (A)
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Which provides a barrier that restricts the movement of proteins and other large molucules from the underlying CT and into the epithelium?
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Basal Lamina
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Why do people in color photographs taken by a flash camera often have red eyes?
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The stuctures within the eye absorb fewer red wavelengths than other color wavelengths
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Which statement describes the effect of two different hormones acting on the same organ?
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Glucocorticoids and epinephrine cause adipose tissue to increase lipogenesis.
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Which would occur if adenylate cyclas were inhibited? The response to
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Antidiuretic hormone would be inhibited.
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Which structures contain the hair cells that are stimulated when and individual is whirling becomes dizzy?
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Semicircular ducts
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Which cell type would serve as an example of convergence?
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M (magnocell)
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Damage to some types of myelinated nerve fibers can often be repaired if which part of the nerve remains intact?
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Cell body
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What is most likely to occur in a individual who is deficient in vitamin A
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Rhodopsin reserves are exhausted.
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Which neuron parts reside in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord?
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The cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons.
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Which part of the brain relays visual and hearing information?
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Corpora quadrigemina
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If a first-order neuron in the sensory pathway carrying fine touch sensation has its cell body in the right dorsal root ganglion, in what location will this neuron synapse with a second-order neuron?
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Right medulla
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Which function would be affected by a blockade of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Pupil constiction
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How does the hypophyseal portal system (HPS) conncect with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
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The HPS directly connects 100% the median eminence to the pars distalis via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal vein.
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In light refraction, where is the normal focal point located?
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where light rays cross anterior to the retina
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Which behavior would be adversely affected by damage to wernicke's area?
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perception of language
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Which condition would lead to increase aldosterone secretion?
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Decreased blood sodium (NA+)
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Which layer of the uterus is shed during the menstrual cycle?
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functional zone
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During the process of oogenesis when is meiosis II completed?
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at fertilization
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Which cells are released at ovulation?
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a secondary oocyte and one polar body
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Which condition prevents an autoimmune response to one's own sperm?
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Developing sperm are isolated from the bloodstread by tight junctions of the sustentacular cells.
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Blood present in the capillary bed of the glomerulus exits via which vessel?
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Efferent arteriole
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Which response is stimulated by alcohol in several glasses of beer acting on the anitdiuretic hormone?
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increased frequency of urination
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Which solute comprises the majority of nitrogen-containing material in urine?
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urea
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How can glomerular filtration be reduced?
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Reduce the diameter of the afferent arteriole.
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Which cells form the macula densa of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
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modified distal tubular cells
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Which part of the nephron increase its permeability to water in the presence of anitdiuretic hormone (ADH)?
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collecting duct
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where is the largest percentage of filtered water reabsorbed?
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in the proximal convoluted tubule.
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