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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polyatomic molecule
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a molecule that carries a net electric charge
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a central atom surrounded by two substituents is ______
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Linear and has 180* angles.
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a central atom surrounded by three substituents is _____
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triangular and has 120* angles.
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a central atom surrounded by four substituents is _____
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tetrahedral and has 190.5* angles.
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When protons equal electrons in the nucleus its charge is ___
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electrically neutral.
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What happens when an atom loses or gains one or more electrons?
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It takes on a net electric charge.
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Ion
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an atom having a net electric charge.
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Ionic bonds exist between____
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metals and nonmetals.
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Covalent bond
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occurs between nonmetals only,
two electrons are shared, goal is that every atom have a closed shell electron configuration. |
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Polar covalent bonds
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result from an uneven sharing of electrons in non-identical atoms. Determined by the atoms electronegativity.
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For all ionic compounds, (+) and (-) charges must balance.
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Electronegativity is > for elements in the upper right of the periodic table and < for those in the lower left.
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When two atoms have the same electronegativity, no dipole is formed and is a nonpolar bond.
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How polar a bond is depends on the difference between the electronegativity of the two atoms-the greater the difference the more polar the bond.
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Dipole
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a separation of charge that occurs because of differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. i.e. H :F
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Polar bond
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a chemical bond having a dipole.
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If an atom appears multiple times in a chemical formula it is probably on the outside of the molecule.
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H can make only 1 bond so will always be on the outside. Same w/any atom that can make only 1 bond.
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Atoms combine until all atoms in the molecule have a valency of 8 e's
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If an atom only appears once in a chemical formula it probably is at the middle of the molecule.
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A chemical bond that has a dipole.
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polar bond
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The ability of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself when bonded to another atom.
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electronegativity.
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A group of atoms held tightly together by covalent bonds.
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covalent compound.
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A chemical bond in which atoms are held together by their mutual attraction for two or more electrons they share.
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covalent bond.
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A chemical bond in which an attractive electric force holds ions of opposite charge together.
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ionic bond.
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An electrically charged particle created when an atom either loses or gains one or more electrons.
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ion
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Two paired valence electrons that don't participate in a chemical bond and yet influence the shape of the molecule.
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nonbonding pair
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a shorthand notation of the shell model of the atom in which valence electrons are shown around an atomic symbol
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electron-dot structure
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