Test 2

Front 1

A ___________________ organism obtains its energy by oxidizing inorganic substances, and then uses that energy to fix carbon dioxide

Back 1

Chemolithotrophic

Front 2

____________________ organism would be expected to harvest energy by photosynthesis and obtain carbon atoms from carbon dioxide.

Back 2

Photoautotrophic / Photoheterotrophic

Front 3

Methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiliac prokaryotes belong to what group?

Back 3

Archaea

Front 4

Small parasitic bacteria

Back 4

Chlamydias

Front 5

Blue green bacteria, require only water, vegetative cells, spores, and geterocysts.

Back 5

Cyanobaceria

Front 6

Opisthokonts, amoebozoans

Back 6

Unikonts

Front 7

A dormant stage of a bacterium that can surivive unfavorable environments is a (an)

Back 7

Endospore

Front 8

Heat Resisstant resting structure produced by Low -GC Gram positives

Back 8

Endospore

Front 9

An asexual spore cut off from a parent sporophore by formation of septa

Back 9

Exospore

Front 10

Production of two different sizes and sexes by the sporophytes of land plants

Back 10

Heterospore

Front 11

Causes tetanus, botulism, is anaerobic, facultative anaerobe, low C-G baterial species, lives on human skin, associated with many infections.

Back 11

Clostridium

Front 12

Psittacosis is a disease of _______ caused by a member of the _____ group of bacteria.

Back 12

BIRDS
CHLAMYDIAS

Front 13

A _____________biofilm is an assemblage of a microorganism adhering to a surface that can cooperatively secrete a protective substance around themselves.

Back 13

BIOFILM

Front 14

Proteobacterium inside archaea cell.

Back 14

Endosymbiosis

Front 15

Spirochetes, Low C-G Gram Positive Bacteria, Proteobacteria

Back 15

Groups containing no pathogenic disease causing species.

Front 16

One benefits, the other ones suffers

Back 16

Parasitism

Front 17

One benefits, the other is not harmed

Back 17

Commensalism

Front 18

Both benefit

Back 18

Mutualism

Front 19

a pathogenic bacterial species First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch,
has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface (primarily mycolic acid), which makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, so acid-fast detection techniques are used, instead.
The physiology is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen.
Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system,
infects the lungs.
The most frequently used diagnostic methods are skin test, acid-fast stain, and chest radiographs.
Requires oxygen to grow.

Back 19

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 20

Has edible species that are farmed/grown for human consumption.

Back 20

Spirulina

Front 21

Physical process that limits the maximum size a cell may attain.

Back 21

Diffusion

Front 22

This would be expected to be found as part of a eukaryotic cell, but not as part of a prokaryotic cell.

Back 22

Nuclear membrane

Front 23

Mitochondria in eukaryotes are thought to have originated from an endosymbiotic ________________ species.

Back 23

Aerobic purple bacteria (proteobacteria)

Front 24

A primary endosymbiotic event involving ___________ explains the chloroplast of ________________.

Back 24

An aerobic purple bacterium

Green Algae (Chlorophyta)

Front 25

Union of two gametes that are morphologically identical, as occurring in the life cycle of sea lettuce (Ulva latuca) is termed

Back 25

Syngamy

Front 26

In an alternation of generations, a multicellular __________ plant or algal stage composed of diploid cells alternates with a multicellular life cycle stage that is haploid.

Back 26

Sporophyte

Front 27

Many species of brown algae (Phaeophyta) are ____ that is, they produce two different types of spores. The spores thus produced will grow into two different kinds of _____, termed "male" and "female" based on the type of gamete they will produce.

Back 27

Homosporous

Sporophyte

Front 28

A diplontic life cycle, where a multicellular gametophyte stage is completely absent, occurs in all:

Back 28

Animals

Front 29

Neurotoxins produced by this are occasionally the cause of fatal poisoning in human beings who have eaten contaminated shellfish (e.g. clams)

Back 29

Dinoflagellates

Front 30

Member of the lineage called apicomplexans and causes Malaria.

Back 30

Plasmodium

Front 31

Vector for malaria

Back 31

anopheles

Front 32

what is exchanged between ciliates during the sexual process called conjugation?

Back 32

Micronuclei

Front 33

The gene - containing structure in all ciliates that contains numberous copies of certain genes, but not a complete set of genes and chromosomes is the:

Back 33

macronucleus

Front 34

a disk-shaped mass of circular DNA inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.

Back 34

inetoplasts

Front 35

a DNA molecule that is separate from, and can replicate independently of, the chromosomal DNA. They are double-stranded and, in many cases, circular. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteria, but are sometimes found in eukaryotic organisms

Back 35

Plasmids

Front 36

a major line of eukaryotes[1] currently containing more than 100,000 known species.Most are algae, ranging from the giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms, which are a primary component of plankton.

Back 36

Stramenopiles

Front 37

Diatomaceous earth consists of marine sediments that contain a high concentration of the tests of dead

Back 37

diatoms

Front 38

Massive fish-kills associated witha red tide are caused by population increases in

Back 38

dinoflagellates

Front 39

a major group of algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Unicellular

Back 39

Diatoms

Front 40

Unicellular large group of flagellate protists. Most are marine plankton

Back 40

Dinoflagellates

Front 41

 All unicellular
 Mostly marine
 Some freshwater
 Golden brown or reddish color.
 Endosymbiotic
 E.g., in coral animals.
 All dinoflagellates are photosynthetic – the endosymbiotic relationships can be mutualistic or commensalitic. Some are endoparasites of marine animals.
 Free-living forms frequently have two flagellae at cross axis to each other.

Back 41

Dinoflagellates

Front 42

Form stromatolytes, o They are very tolerant of oxygen, as are other surviving prokaruotes with their other three nutritional strategies.
o About 1.5 bya this “oxygen revolution “ due to photosynthetic organisms has reached all of 1% of the modern level of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Back 42

Cyanobacteria

Front 43

Kelp is the general term for several types of large what?

Back 43

Brown algae

Front 44

The leaf like structures of kelp that trail through the water are called

Back 44

blades

Front 45

Chlorophytes
 As a lineage they hace chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
 Can be unicellular, multicellular, or something in between. (colonial)

Back 45

Green algae

Front 46

Root like anchoring structure

Back 46

holdfast

Front 47

stem like structures

Back 47

stipe

Front 48

The brown color of brown algea (phaeophyta) is caused by combinng the green color of its chloroplasts with the yellow-orange pigment ___________ is its tissues.

Back 48

Fucoxanthin

Front 49

a nitrogen-fixer in soil and as a commensal in some plant roots.
non parasitic

Back 49

Rhizobium

Front 50

walls of most bacteria contain a polymer of amino sugars called

Back 50

peptoglycan

Front 51

The disease known as Potato Blight is caused by

Back 51

a water mold

Front 52

The presence of phycoerythin and amoeboid sperm are synapomorphic features of what protist group?

Back 52

Red Algea

Front 53

In the life cycle of Ulva lactuaca, the adult gametophyte is

Back 53

morphologically identical to the adult sporophyte

Front 54

Gleen algae (Chlorophyta) species that are neither entirely unicellular nor entirely multicellular have an organization called ______________ where the individual cells cooperate functionally to a great extent, and show some morphological diversification, but are still primarily acting as individual organisms.

Back 54

Colonial

Front 55

The bacteria growth medium agar comes from

Back 55

red algea

Front 56

Amoebas that have contributed to oil exploration technology through the study of their fossil tests.

Back 56

Foraminafera

Front 57

o Unicellular
o No mitochondria
o Only anaerobic
o Two haploid nuclei enclosed by nuclear membranes
o Cytoskeleton
o Multiple flagellae
o Giardia – causes giardiasis, an intestinal parasite

Back 57

Diplomonads

Front 58

o Two life cycle stages
o One with ameoeboid cells and one with flagellated cells.
o Infamous member – naegleria
 Lives as a free living amoeba in freshwater ponds and streams, abundant when water is

Back 58

Heteroloboseans

Front 59

diplomonads, the parabasalids, and the heterloboseans
flagella, a lineage that contains two otherwise dissimilar groups.
• Euglenids and kinetoplastids

Back 59

Excavates

Front 60

o Unicellular
o No mitochrondria
o One surface with an undulating membrane
o Flagellae present
o All parasites
 Trichomonas vaginalis – causes human std, vaginal and urethral parasite

Back 60

Parabasalids

Front 61

Loathsome human parasite that is a member of the parabasalid group

Back 61

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 62

Excavate Genus that consists entirely of free-living unicellular organisms with a well-defined shape and two flagellae. They normally possess chloroplasts, but can be heterotrophic as well as photosynthetic.

Back 62

Euglena

Front 63

commensal bacteria in human intestines; can cause disease out of the system

Back 63

E. Coli

Front 64

proteobacteria – bad potato salad, turtles

Back 64

Salmonella

Front 65

Chaga's disease is caused by a blood parasite called

Back 65

Tryponosoma cruzi

Front 66

Tryponosoma cruzi is tramsmitted to huma beings by the bite of a blood feeding

Back 66

bug

Front 67

causes malaria in vertebrates and it's transmitted by a mosquito

Back 67

plasmodium vivax

Front 68

Slime molds, fungi, animals, lobosean amoebas.

Back 68

Unikonts

Front 69

Which amoemas is a causative agent of a common form of amoebic dysentery?

Back 69

Entamoeba

Front 70

marine, similar to “forams”, but have a silacaceous endoskeleton – also can occur in fossil deposits

Back 70

Radioalarians

Front 71

marine, similar to “forams”, but have a silacaceous endoskeleton – also can occur in fossil deposits

Back 71

Radioalarians

Front 72

The reddish color that appears in the feather of healthy flamingo birds caused by these bids ingestion of

Back 72

Cyanobacteria

Front 73

What two kinds of organisms are implicated in bioluminescence phenomena seen in he world's oceans?

Back 73

Vibrio and dinoflagellates

Front 74

Thermus aquaticus

Back 74

Prokaryote

Front 75

In order not to catch the debilitating and sometimes fatal disease of malarai, avoid

Back 75

being bitten by mosquitoes in the tropics

Front 76

In order not to allow an invariably fatal infection with Naegleria amoebas, avoid

Back 76

Swimming underwater in stagnant pools of warm fresh water

Front 77

In order not to catch the debilitating and unpleasant disease of giardiasis, avoid

Back 77

drinking from freshwater streams in the mountains.

Front 78

Human beings become infected with the bacterial genus Yersinia by being bitten by
ticks, mosquitoes, or rats?

Back 78

none of these

Front 79

In a species of eukaryote that produces two different types of gametes, how does one determine which is the male?

Back 79

in has more mobility than the other type

Front 80

These were fossilized by the photosynthetic processes of cyanobacteria

Back 80

stromatolites

Front 81

the first organism to arise by chemical evolution in the PreCambrian Era presumably had what characteristics?

Back 81

Used DNA for genes
Transcription of the genes was with RNA

The translated Gene products were proteins

Front 82

What caused the oxygen revolution of the precambrian Era

Back 82

photosythetic prokaryotes

Front 83

Evidence of the first terrestrial animals occurs about the middle of this era

Back 83

Paleozoic

Front 84

by the end of this time, the oceans are full of microscopic life – unicellular and simple mutlicellular organisms.

Back 84

Precambrian

Front 85

This era lasts for 186 million years , before ending in another major extinction event – perhaps caused by a meteorite impacts. , the reptiles flourish, including dinosaurs, and mammals and flowering plants begin to diversify.

Back 85

Mesozoic

Front 86

During what epoch did human beings undergo their own major adaptive radiation away from their common human- chimpanzee ancestor?

Back 86

Pleistocene

Front 87

continents come to the present positions with respect to the coeans – mammals undergo a major adaptive radation – worldwide climate becomes progressively drier and cooler – major grasslands and deserts start to occupy their present posisiton .
Most genera and many species of animals and plants that exist today are present. Many small extinction events take place – dividing the smaller period divisions called “epochs

Back 87

Tertiary