Test 2

Front 1

The basic living, structral and functional unit of the body

Back 1

CELL

Front 2

The study of cells

Back 2

CYTOLOGY

Front 3

The term that refers to all cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Back 3

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Front 4

Highly specialized structures for specific cellular activities

Back 4

ORGANELLS

Front 5

Temporary structures that contain secretion and storage products of the cell

Back 5

INCLUSIONS

Front 6

Plasma membranes are_____ % protien

Back 6

50

Front 7

Plasma membranes are____
% lipids by weight

Back 7

50

Front 8

About_____% off lipids are phospholipids

Back 8

75

Front 9

______make up about 5 % of the membrane lipids

Back 9

Colycolipids

Front 10

The reamining 20% of membrane lipids are______

Back 10

cholesterol

Front 11

______proteins extend across the phospholipids bilayer among the fatty acid tails

Back 11

Integral

Front 12

Most integral proteins are ______, combinations of sugar and protein

Back 12

glcoprotein

Front 13

_____proteins do not extend across the phospholipids bilayer

Back 13

Perprieal

Front 14

Some intergral proteins orm tiny____through which certain in substances flow into or out of the cell

Back 14

pores

Front 15

Some integral proteins act as _______to move a substance from one side of the membrane to the other

Back 15

transports

Front 16

Integral proteins also serve as recognition sites called_____

Back 16

receptors

Front 17

The property of memebraness to regulate the entry and exit of certain substances is called ______ _______

Back 17

selective permeability

Front 18

The phospholipids bilayer portion of the plasma membrane is_______ to all charged molecules or ions

Back 18

impermeable

Front 19

Mechanisms that move substances across a membrane without using cellular energy are______ process

Back 19

passive

Front 20

In _____ process, the cell uses energy from the splitting of ATP to move substances across a membrane

Back 20

active

Front 21

The random mixing of ions and molecules in a solution due to their kinetic energy is called______

Back 21

difussion

Front 22

Molecules after a period of time become evenly distibuted, this piont is called______

Back 22

equilbrium

Front 23

Another passive process is_____,which is the net movement of a solvent(water in living systems) through a selectively permeable membrane

Back 23

Osmosis

Front 24

In an ______ solution the total concentrations of water and sloutes are the same on both sides of a membrane

Back 24

isotonic

Front 25

In a _______ solution water molecules enter the cell faster that they can leave

Back 25

hypotonic

Front 26

The reputure of red blood cells by putting them in distilled water is called______

Back 26

hemolysis

Front 27

A_____ solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water causing destructtion of red blood cells

Back 27

hypertonic

Front 28

The shrinking of red blood cells because of water moving out of teh cell is called_______

Back 28

creanation

Front 29

In______ water and some solutes move across a membrane due to gravity or hydrostatice pressure

Back 29

filtration

Front 30

In facilitated diffusion substances move down a concentration gradient with the help of proteins called_______carriers

Back 30

transport

Front 31

Active transport and bulk transport both require energy derived from spiltting______

Back 31

ATP

Front 32

A typical bidy cell estends about 40% of the ATP ti generates to run primary active______ ______

Back 32

transport pump

Front 33

The most prevalent primary active transport pump is the________pump

Back 33

sodium potassium

Front 34

Sometimes,two substances move in the same direction across a plasma membrane , this process is called________

Back 34

antiport

Front 35

In_____or "cell eating" solid particles are taken in by endocytosis

Back 35

phagocytsis

Front 36

In_____ ____or "cell drinkning" liquids are taken in by endocytosis

Back 36

peno cytosis

Front 37

Cytosol is _____to ____% water

Back 37

70,75

Front 38

_____ are particles which are large and reamin suspeneded in cytosol

Back 38

Colliods

Front 39

_____are specialized structures that have characteristic appearances and specific roles in growth, maintenance, reapair,and control

Back 39

Organalles

Front 40

The______is usually a spherical or oval organelle and is the largest structure in the cell

Back 40

nucleus

Front 41

A double membrane called the ______ ______ seprates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Back 41

nuclear enevlope

Front 42

Water-filled _____ _____ in the enevlope allow most ions and water-soluble molecules to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Back 42

nucelus pores

Front 43

In the nondividing cell DNA and associated proteins are loosely packed and form a network called______

Back 43

chromitin

Front 44

During cell division, DNA and certain proteins condense and coil into rod-shaped bodies called________

Back 44

chormosomes

Front 45

_______are tiny spheres that contain ribosomal RNA and several ribosomal proteins

Back 45

Ribosomes

Front 46

The _______ _______or ER is a system of membrane-enclosed channels of varying shapes called cisterns

Back 46

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 47

The____ER is studded with ribosomes

Back 47

rough

Front 48

The____ER us the site if fatty acid, phospholipid. abd steroid synthesis

Back 48

smooth

Front 49

The_____complex is extensive in cells with high secretory activity

Back 49

Golgi

Front 50

______are memebrane-enclosed vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes

Back 50

Lysosomes

Front 51

______are organelles that contain one or more enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize various organic sudbstances

Back 51

Peroxisomes

Front 52

The _______function is the generate ATP;they are called the powerhouse of the cell

Back 52

mitocandria

Front 53

The inner membrane of the mitochndria is called______

Back 53

crictae

Front 54

Cellular respiration occurs only if ______is present

Back 54

oxygen

Front 55

Cellular shape depends in a complex internal network of filamentous proteins in the cytoplasm called the________

Back 55

cytoskeleton

Front 56

______ ______ are rodlike structures of varying length, formed from the protein actin, these are found in muscle tissue

Back 56

Micro fillament

Front 57

_____ ______ are larger, consist of a protein called tubulin, and help support and shape cells

Back 57

Micro Tubes

Front 58

If the projections are numerous and short, resembling many hairs, they are called_______

Back 58

cilia

Front 59

______is a pigement stored in certain cells of the skin, hair and eyes

Back 59

Melanio

Front 60

______is a polysaccharide that is stored in the liver, skeletal muscles and the inner lining of the uterus and vagina

Back 60

Glycogen

Front 61

______,which are stored in adipocytes(fat cells) may be broke down to synthesize ATP

Back 61

Triglycorides

Front 62

______is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto a strand of RNA called messenger RNA

Back 62

Transcription

Front 63

_______is the process whereby information in the nucleotide sequence of mRNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein

Back 63

Translation

Front 64

In the mRNA molecule, each, set of three consecutive nucleotides is called a ______

Back 64

codon

Front 65

Transfer RNA binds to specific amino acids and bring them to the ribosome. One end of the tRNA is coupled to a specific amino acid, and the other has a triplet of nucleotides called________

Back 65

anticodon

Front 66

______division is the process by which cells reproduce themselves

Back 66

Cell

Front 67

The cytoplasmic division us called______-

Back 67

cytokinesus

Front 68

The process by which the egg and sperm are produced is called______

Back 68

meiosis

Front 69

The____ ____is a series of activities through whuch a cell passes from the time it is ormed untill it reproduces

Back 69

cell cycle

Front 70

The period of interphase during which chromosomes are replicated is calle___phase

Back 70

5

Front 71

The first phase of mitosis is called______during which the chromatin condenses and shortens into chromosomes

Back 71

prophase

Front 72

The second phase of mitosis is called_____,during which the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

Back 72

metaphase

Front 73

The thrid phase of mitosis is called______, during which the chromosomes separate and start movement to the poles of the cell

Back 73

Hepaphase

Front 74

The final phase of mitosis is called____ during which the chromosomes stop moving and complete cleavage of the cell takes place

Back 74

Telophase

Front 75

Sex cells are called_____

Back 75

gametes

Front 76

The fusion of the egg and the sperm us called_______

Back 76

feterlization

Front 77

The fertilized egg is called a ______

Back 77

zygote

Front 78

The cells that have the total chromosome number are called______cells

Back 78

liploid

Front 79

The sex cells carry a ______chromosome number

Back 79

haplod

Front 80

The formation of haploid sperm cells in the teste occurs as part if the process called________

Back 80

spermatogens

Front 81

The formation of haploid ova(eggs) in the ovaries of the female occurs as part of ________

Back 81

oogensis

Front 82

When cells in some area of the body divide without control, the the excess of tissue that develops is called a_______

Back 82

tumor

Front 83

A chemical or other enviromental agent that produces cancer is called a_____-

Back 83

carcingen

Front 84

A______is a permanent structural change in a gene

Back 84

mutation

Front 85

____is a normal process accompanied by a progressive allteration of the body's homeostatic adaptive responses

Back 85

aging