Test 2

Front 1

articulated skeleton

Back 1

dried bones held together by wires and rods to show their spatial relationships to one another

Front 2

disarticulated skeleton

Back 2

one that is taken apart so that the anatomy of individual bones can be studied in detail

Front 3

axial skeleton

Back 3

central supporting axis of the body. includes skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Front 4

appendicular skeleton

Back 4

bones of upper limb and pectoral girdle and the bones of lower limb and pelvic girdle

Front 5

average adult number of bones

Back 5

206

Front 6

sesamoid bones

Back 6

bones that form within some tendons in response to stress. patella is biggest sesamoid bone.

Front 7

sutural or wormian bones

Back 7

extra bones in the skull

Front 8

condyle

Back 8

a rounded bone that articulates with another bone

Front 9

facet

Back 9

a smooth flat slightly concave or convex articular surface

Front 10

line

Back 10

a slightly raised elongated ridge

Front 11

spine

Back 11

a sharp slender or narrow process

Front 12

trochanter

Back 12

two massive processes unique to the femur

Front 13

tuberosity

Back 13

a rough elevated surface-tibial tuberosity

Front 14

alveolus

Back 14

a pit or socket. tooth socket

Front 15

fossa

Back 15

a shallow broad or elongated basin-mandibular fossa

Front 16

fovea

Back 16

a small pit- fovea capitis of the femur

Front 17

sulcus

Back 17

a groove for a tendon, nerve or blood vessel

Front 18

canal

Back 18

a tubular passage or tunnel in a bone

Front 19

fissure

Back 19

a slit thru a bone- orbital fissure behind the eye

Front 20

sinus

Back 20

an air-filled space in a bone.

Front 21

what is the most complex part of skeleton?

Back 21

skull. composed of 22 bones.

Front 22

sutures

Back 22

immovable joints on skull.

Front 23

largest cavity

Back 23

cranial. volume of about 1.350 mL. encloses the brain

Front 24

lightens anterior portion of skull and act as chambers that add resonance to the voice.

Back 24

paranasal sinuses

Front 25

cranium

Back 25

encloses the cranial cavity & protects the brain.

Front 26

foramen magnum

Back 26

where the spinal cord enters

Front 27

meninges

Back 27

seperates brain tissue from the cranial bones

Front 28

dura mater

Back 28

thickets and toughest of the meninges; lies loosely against the inside of the cranium in most places but is firmly attached to it at a few points

Front 29

two parts of cranium

Back 29

calvaria (skullcap) and base (floor of cranial cavity).

Front 30

cranium is composed of how many bones?

Back 30

8.

Front 31

temporalis muscle

Back 31

a chewing muscle that inserts on the madible

Front 32

temporal lines

Back 32

form an arc across the parietal and frontal bones. mark attachement of temporalis muscle

Front 33

squamous part of temporal bone

Back 33

flat and vertical. encircled by squamous suture. -bears two prominent features: zygomatic process & mandibular fossa.

Front 34

tympanic part of temporal bone

Back 34

small ring of bone that borders the external acoustic meatus. -bears styloid process.

Front 35

provides attachment for muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone.

Back 35

styloid process

Front 36

mastoid part of temporal bone

Back 36

bears mastoid process

Front 37

origin of the digastric muscle, which opens the mouth.

Back 37

mastoid notch

Front 38

petrous part of temporal bone

Back 38

seen in the cranial floor, it houses the middle and inner ear cavities.

Front 39

allows passage of the bestibulocochlear nerve, which carries sensations of hearing and balance from the inner ear to the brain

Back 39

internal acoustic meatus

Front 40

passage for the interanl carotid artery, a major blood supply to the brain

Back 40

carotid canal

Front 41

large irregular opening just medial to the styloid process. blood from the brain drains thru this formane into the internal jugular vein of the neck

Back 41

jugular foramen

Front 42

where the skull rests on the bertebral column

Back 42

occipital condyle

Front 43

hypoglossal nerve passes thru this to supply the muscles of the tongue

Back 43

hypoglossal canal

Front 44

nuchal ligament

Back 44

binds skull to vertebral column

Front 45

attachment for nuchal ligament

Back 45

external occipital protuberance

Front 46

permits passage of optic nerve and opthalmic artery

Back 46

optic foramen

Front 47

a pair of bony spines of the lesser wing on the sphenoid bone that gaurd the optic foramina.

Back 47

anterior clinoid processes

Front 48

houses the pituitary gland

Back 48

hypophyseal fossa

Front 49

bone located between the eyes

Back 49

ethmoid bone

Front 50

forms roof of nasal cavity

Back 50

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Front 51

an attachment point for the meninges that enclose the brain

Back 51

crista galli

Front 52

large mass on each side of the perpendicular plate; houses ethmoid sinus;

Back 52

labyrinth

Front 53

bones that have no direct contact with brain or meninges

Back 53

facial bones

Front 54

how many facial bones are there?

Back 54

14

Front 55

largest facial bones

Back 55

maxillae- upper jaw

Front 56

alveolar processes

Back 56

small points of maxillary bone that grow into the spaces btw the bases of the teeth

Front 57

alveolus

Back 57

holds the root of each tooth

Front 58

failure of palatine processes to join at intermaxillary suture

Back 58

cleft palate; often accompanied by a cleft lip

Front 59

smallest bones of the skull

Back 59

lacrimal bones

Front 60

septal cartilage

Back 60

forms most of the anterior part of the nasal septum

Front 61

coronoid process

Back 61

point of insertion for the temporalis muscle which pulls the mandible upward when you bite.

Front 62

bones associated with the skull but not part of it.

Back 62

auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes. the hyoid bone: uner chin.

Front 63

serves for attachment of several muscles that control the mandible, tongue, and larynx

Back 63

hyoid bone

Front 64

spaces between the unfused cranial bones in an infant

Back 64

fontanels

Front 65

primary curvatures

Back 65

the thoracic and pelvic curvatures; they were there from birth.

Front 66

secondary curvatures

Back 66

cervical and lumbar curvatures; develop later in the child's first few years of crawling and walking

Front 67

mass of spongy bone and red bone marrow covered with a thin shell of compact bone.

Back 67

body of vertebrae

Front 68

an exaggerated thoracic curvature common in old age

Back 68

kyphosis

Front 69

an exaggerated lumbar curvature common in pregnancy and obesity

Back 69

lordosis

Front 70

passage for the spinal cord

Back 70

vertebral canal

Front 71

how many intervertebral discs are there?

Back 71

23

Front 72

the articulation between the atlas and the cranium

Back 72

atlantooccipital joint

Front 73

the articulation btw the atlas and axis is

Back 73

atlantoaxial joint

Front 74

provide attachment for the ribs

Back 74

costal facets

Front 75

provides attachment for abdominal muscles

Back 75

xiphoid process

Front 76

ligament attachment on the clavicle

Back 76

conoid tubercle

Front 77

provides attachment for tendons of the biceps brachii and other mucles of the arm

Back 77

coracoid process

Front 78

shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint

Back 78

glenoid cavity

Front 79

brachium

Back 79

extends from shoulder to elbow; the humerus

Front 80

antebrachium

Back 80

the forearm

Front 81

carpus

Back 81

wrist

Front 82

manus

Back 82

hand

Front 83

lateral distal end of humerus that articulates with radius

Back 83

capitulum

Front 84

medial end of humerus that articulates with ulna

Back 84

trochlea

Front 85

protects the ulnar nerve, is known as the funny bone

Back 85

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 86

ligament that attaches the radius and ulna

Back 86

interosseous membrane

Front 87

a sesamoid bone that is not present at birth but develops around age 9-12 within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Back 87

pisiform

Front 88

carpal bones of proximal row

Back 88

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

Front 89

carpal bones of distal row

Back 89

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

Front 90

pollex

Back 90

thumb

Front 91

an entry into the lesser plevis thru which an infants head passes during birth

Back 91

pelvic inlet

Front 92

the most anterior portion of the hip bone

Back 92

pubis

Front 93

the pelvis is the most _______ part of the skeleton. (the one whose anatomy most differs btw the sexes)

Back 93

sexually dimorphic

Front 94

crural region

Back 94

extends from knee to ankle; contains tibia and fibula

Front 95

the longest and strongest bone of the body

Back 95

femur

Front 96

orthopedic surgeons sometimes remove part of this bone and use it to replace damaged bone somewhere else

Back 96

fibula

Front 97

largest bone of ankle that forms the heel

Back 97

calcaneus

Front 98

the big toe

Back 98

hallux

Front 99

pes planus

Back 99

excessive weight, repetitious stress or congenital weakness of the ligaments can stretch the arches, resulting in flat feet or fallen arches

Front 100

when the anulus fibrosus cracks, the nucleus polposus leaks out, puts pressure on the nerves causing a ____

Back 100

herniated disc

Front 101

spinal nerves shoot out left to right in the _____ foramen

Back 101

intervertebral foramen

Front 102

what are the three basins of the brain?

Back 102

frontal, temporal, and occipital