Test 2 1.2 Respiratory Assessment

Front 1

Crackles are heard in:

Back 1

most common in dependant lobes: right and left lung bases

Cause: Random, sudden renflation of groups of alveoli;disruptive passage of air through small airways

Character: Fine crackles are high-pitched fine, short, interrupted crackling sounds heard during end of inspiration, usually not cleared with coughing.
Medium crackles are lower, more moist sounds heard during middle of inspiration; not cleared with coughing.
coarse crackles are loud, bubbly sounds heard during inspiration; not cleared with coughing.

Front 2

Rhonci (sonourous wheeze):

Back 2

Primarily heard over trachea and bronchi; if loud enogh, you are able to hear over most lung fields
cause: muscular spasm, fluid, or mucus in larger airways, new growth or external pressure causing a turbulence.

Front 3

Wheezes (sibilant wheeze)

Back 3

Heard over all lung fields
Cause:High velocity airflow through severely narrowed or obstructed airway

Front 4

Pleural friction rub:

Back 4

Heard over anterior lateral lung field (if client is sitting upright)
Cause:inflamed pleura, parietal pleura rubbing against visceral pleura
character: Has dry, rubbing, or grating quality heard during inspiration or expiration; does not clear with coughing; heard loudest over lower lateral anterior surface.

Front 5

Normal Breath Sounds:

Vesicular

Back 5

Vesticular sounds are soft, breezy, and low pitched. Inspiratory phase is 3 times longer than expiratory phase.
LOcation: best heard over lung's periphery (except over scapula)
Origin: created by air moving through smaller airways

Front 6

Bronchovesicular:

Back 6

Bronchovesicular sounds are blowing soundss that are medium pitched and of medium intensity. Inspiratory phase is equal to expiratory phase.
Location: Best heard posteriorly between scapulae and anteriorly over bronchiaoles lateral to sternum at first and second intercostal spaces .
Origin: Created by air moving through large airways.

Front 7

Bronchial:

Back 7

Bronchial sounds are loud and high pitched with hollow quality. Expiration lasts longer than inspiration (3:2) ratio.
Location: heard only over trachea.
Origin: Created by air moving through trachea close to chest wall.

Front 8

Know Anatomical Landmarks in Relation to Anterior and Posterior

Back 8

page 592 & 593 P&P

Front 9

Lobes of Lungs

Back 9

p 305 Weber

Front 10

Involuntary control of respiration:

Back 10

Medulla and pons of brain stem

Front 11

Respiration depth;

Back 11

refers to the amount of air moved between each breath.

Front 12

Describe the techniques used in a respiratory assessment.

Back 12

Inspection-looking for labored breathing, barrell chest, pigeon chest.

Palpation-tenderness both hands. start toward midline of level of left scapula over apex of lung. compare findings bilaterally.

percussion-finger, or ulner part of hand.

Ausculation-stethescope-listening for breath sounds.