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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Form
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what kind or word it is
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function
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what a word is doing in a particular phrase or sentence
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Prototype theory
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is helpful in understanding the nature of grammatical relationships
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Prototipical cases
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when the word is functioning with the form
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peripheral cases
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when the word is functioning differently from the form
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Descriptive grammar
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describes how our grammatical system opperates
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percriptive grammar
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governs the version of English considered appropriate for use by educated speakers. Standard American English
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Morpheme
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the smallest unit of meaning
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allomorph
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variations of a typical morpheme
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Derivational morphemes
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create new words
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Inflectional morphemes
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show grammatical relationships
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Zero Allomoph
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an allomorph that can only be found in the context of the sentence
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Functional Shift
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the process of converting a word from one part of speech to another withouch chaning the basic form
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Noun Frame Sentence
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(The) _______ seem(s) alright.
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Verb Frame Sentece
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They must _____ (it). They must _____ good.
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Adjective Frame Sentence
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The _____ man seems very ______.
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Adverb Frame Sentece
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The man told his story _______.
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Modifier
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differentiates one member from all other members of the same class, type of adjective
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Attributive Adjectives
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modify a following noun
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Predicative Adjectives
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follow verbs and identify a quality of the subject
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From-Class words
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words that can change and are not limited in number
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Structure Class words
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signal the relationships that words have togheter and hold the sentence together.
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Lexical meaning
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the meaning given in the dictionary for a word.
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Grammatical meaning
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meaning in sentence structure
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determiner
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a structure word that preceeds and modifies a noun
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auxilary verb
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signal that ta main verb is coming or serve as a substiture for the verb phrase
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Modal Auxilary
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can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must
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Qualifier
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precede adjectives or adverbs, increasing the wauilty siginified by the words
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Phrasal Verb
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a verb combined with a verb perticile
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verb Participles
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a small action to the verb that gives the verb more direction or meaning
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Coordinating Conjunctions
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join grattical structures of similar form (and, but, for, or, not, yet)
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Correlative Conjunctions
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both...and, either...or, neither...not, not only...but also
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Conjuctive Adverbs
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connect and signal relationships between two sentences
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Subordinating Adverbs
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join a dependent clause to an independent clause
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