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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oxygen deprivation experienced by a fetus during labour and/or delivery. |
Anoxia |
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Besides anoxia, what other birth complications are there? |
Dislocation of shoulder or hip Fractures Compression of nervous tissue o face causing temporary paralysis.
These are not dangerous for the most part and will heal with little to no intervention. |
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What do you call a baby between birth and 1 month of age? |
Neonate |
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What is considered LBW? |
LBW or low birth rate is when the neonate is below 2500grams |
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What are the 2 important processes that occur in the first stage of the physical process of birth? |
Dilation & effacement
Dilation: cervix must open up like the aperture on a camera.
Effacement: cervix must flatten out. |
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To what size does the cervix normally dialate? |
~10cm |
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How long do doctors recommend breastmilk for feeding after birth? |
At least 6 months |
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What does breast milk contribute to? |
More rapid growth and weight gain Better immune system |
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When is breastmilk not enough or not recommended when feeding an infant? |
If the baby is preterm. They're intestinal tract isn't mature enough to absorb the nutrients, so a special formula is necessary.
If the mom is a substance abuser/needs to take medicine to maintain her own health. |
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When can a baby start eating solid foods? |
No sooner than 6 months in. |
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How should parents introduce new foods? Why? |
One new food a week to identify allergies and not over stimulate the baby. |
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True or false? Macronutrients malnutrition is the leading factor in death of children under 5. |
True |
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What is marasmus? |
Disease caused by calorie deficit. Infants can weigh 60% of what they are supposed to. Causes permanent brain damage. |
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What do u call the disease in infancy caused by an insufficient amount of protein in the diet? |
Kwashiorkor. This disease can also cause permanent brain damage. |
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What is the leading cause of malnutrition in developed countries? |
Micromalnutrition |
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Name 2 things that a parent should do in order to ensure their child's safety? |
Routine visits at the doctor's office (to check for intellectual, physiological disability) Vaccines starting at 2 months. |
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What can chronic ear infections lead to in infants? |
Delayed brain development in areas essential for learning. |
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When is an infant considered pre-term? |
37 weeks or prior |
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When is baby considered post-term? |
42 weeks and after |
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When is baby considered post-term? |
42 weeks and after |
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What is the term associated with the sudden death of an apparently healthy infant? |
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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True or false A newborns visual acuity is better than its auditory acuity. |
False. Auditory acuity seems to be better |
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Which sense is most developed in infants? |
Sense of touch and motion |
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What is he sleeper-effect in visual acuity? How do u prevent this? |
When there was a lack of a specific visual quality that disturbs normal visual perception. To prevent this u would show the child the correct visual stimulation. |
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True or false New-Borns can discriminate between their father's voice and another male's voice. |
False. They can only do this with their mother's voice. |
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What is phenomenon that allows individuals to form a single perception based on two or more senses? |
Intermodal perception |
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During what period do infants grasp the object permanence concept? |
Sensorimotor period
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Deferred imitation |
Imitation that occurs in the absence of the model who first demonstrated it. |
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Term used to describe an infants ability to understand words. |
Receptive language |
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Word for "combination of gestures and single words that convey more meaning than just one word alone" |
Holophrase (ie: points at shoes and says daddy = daddy's shoes) |
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What do u call "the period when toddlers experience rapid vocabulary growth, typically beginning between 16 and 24 months" |
Naming explosion |
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"Simple 2-3 word sentences that usually include a verb and a noun" |
Telegraphic speech |
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What are the grammatical markers missing in infant speech called? |
Inflections |
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What is difference between an expressive style and referential style in speech? |
Expressive style: style of word learning characterized with low nouns, but high personal-social words and phrases (plz, go away, want, you, me)
Referential style: focus on things and people + their description. |
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What is the attachment theory? |
The view that the ability and need to form attachment relationship early in life are genetic characteristics of all human beings. |
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What happens to infants that arm' table to form bonds by age 2? |
Social and personality problems? |
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What happens to infants that arm' table to form bonds by age 2? |
Social and personality problems |
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What is attachment? |
The emotional tie to a parent experienced by an infant, from which the child derives security. |
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What is synchrony? |
A mutual, interlocking pattern of attachment behaviours shared by a parent and a child. |
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What are the 4 phases of attachment. |
1-nonfocused orienting and signalling 2-focus on one or more figures 3-secure base behaviour 4-internal model |
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What are the 4 phases of attachment. |
1-nonfocused orienting and signalling 2-focus on one or more figures 3-secure base behaviour 4-internal model |
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What is social referencing and is it a form of attachment? |
It's when the infant uses someone else's facial expressions to guide their own |
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"Expression of discomfort, such as clinging to the mother, in the presence of strangers" |
Stranger anxiety |
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"Expression of discomfort, such as clinging to the mother, in the presence of strangers" |
Stranger anxiety |
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Separation anxiety |
Expression of discomfort, such as crying, when away from an attachment figure. |
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What are the 4 forms of attachment |
Secure attachment Avoidant attachment Ambivalent attachment Disorganized/disoriented attachment |
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What is the crucial ingredient for secure attachment? |
Emotional availability |
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What is the crucial ingredient for secure attachment? |
Emotional availability of the primary caregiver |
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What is contingent responsiveness? |
Being sensitive to the child's verbal and nonverbal cues and responding appropriately |
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True or false Marital status and socioeconomic a status has an effect on the babie's secure attachment |
True |
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How do the different attachments relate to later behaviour? |
Secure attachment results Ina superior human being in everyday (more socially skilled, more intimate friendships, more likely to be leaders, have higher self esteem and better grades) The other attachments: less positive friendships, more sexually active and practice unsafe sex. |
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How do the different attachments relate to later behaviour? |
Secure attachment results Ina superior human being in everyday (more socially skilled, more intimate friendships, more likely to be leaders, have higher self esteem and better grades) The other attachments: less positive friendships, more sexually active and practice unsafe sex. Attachment can also effect parental attitudes as well. |
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What is personality? |
Patterns of responding to people and objects in the environment. |
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What is personality? |
Patterns of responding to people and objects in the environment. |
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What is temperament? |
Inborn predispositions, such as activity level, that form the foundations of personality. |
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Name the first group of temperament (3) |
Easy children: approach new events positively, display predictable sleeping and eating cycles, are generally happy, and adjust easily to change. Difficult children: resistance to change, emotional negativity and irritability Slow-to-warm-up: display intense reaction, either positive or negative, and appear nonresponsive to unfamiliar people. |
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What is niche-picking? |
The process of selecting experiences on the basis of temperament |
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What is the term used to describe an abnormality present at birth? |
Congenital anomaly |
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What are teratogens? |
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can cause congenital anomalies |
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What are the 3 different "groups" that can cause congenital anomalities? |
Genetic Chromosomal Teratogens |
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Give an example of a genetic anomaly |
Trisomy 21 or down syndrome |
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Give an example of a genetic congenital anomality |
Tay-Sachs disease -> intellectually delayed and blind. Few survive past 3
Red-green blindness
Hemophilia -> blood can't clot
These are caused by faults on the x chromosome |
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Give me an example of a chromosomal congenital anomaly |
Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome Extra sex chromosome: xxy Klinefelter syndrome -> boys usual look about the same, however under developed tested and low sperm production. Learning disabilities and both male n female sex changes (bigger penis and greats develop). |
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Name a teratogen congenital anomaly |
Cancer-> fetal or placental Timor Diet pills -> low birth weight Tabacco-> 150g lighter Alcohol-> fetal alcohol syndrome (smaller, smaller brains, heart anomalies, hearing loss, developmental delay) |
