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26 Cards in this Set

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LAB VALUES:
ALBUMIN
TOTAL PROTEIN
Albumin: 3.3 - 5.0
Total Protein: 6.0 - 8.2

helps determine if protein levels are an issue
LAB VALUES:
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN
CREATININE
BUN: 7 - 18
Creatinine: 0.7 - 1.3

best/true indicators of kidney function
AMITRIPTYLINE
(ELAVIL)
-Classification: antidepressant
-MOA: potentiates the effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in CNS. Significant anticholinergic properties.
-Effect: antidepressant
-SE:lethargy, sedation, blurred vision, dry eyes/mouth, arrhythmias, hypotension, constipation, urinary retention; photosensitivity; changes in blood glucose; blood dyscrasias
GABAPENTIN
(NEURONTIN)
-Classification: anticonvulsant
-MOA: Not known
-Effect: decreased incidenced of seizures; decreased post-herpetic pain
-SE: confusion; depression; drowsiness; sedation; anxiety; dizziness; vertigo; abnormal vision; HTN; anorexia; ataxia
ACETAMINOPHEN
(TYLENOL)
-Classification: analgesic; antipyretic
-MOA: pain relief - blocking generation of pain impulses; fever - central action in the hypothalamic heat-regulating center
-SE: none w/recomended dose, except allergic reaction
-Overdose: liver toxicity
---sweating
---anorexia
---NVD
---abdominal pain/cramping
PROPOFOL
(DIPRIVAN)
ISOFLURANE
(FORANE)
SEVOFLURANE
(ULTANE)
-Classification: general anesthetic
-Effect: induction/maintenance of anesthesia
-SE: dizziness; headache; apnea; bradycardia; hypotension; HTN; respiratory depression; GI upset; malignant hyperthermia
-Contraindication: allergy; pregnancy; narrow angle glaucoma; malignant hyperthermia
LIDOCAINE
(XYLOCAINE)
-Classification: anesthetic
-MOA: interfere with nerve impulse transmission to specific areas of the body
-Effect: paralysis; autonomic activity is lost; pain/sensory fx lost; motor activity lost
SE: confusion; drowsiness; blurred vision; dizziness; nervousness; decreased/absent gag reflex; bradycardia; heart block; hypotension; NV
SUCCINYLCHOLINE
(ANECTINE)
-Classification: depolarizing NMBD
-MOA: decreases myo contraction resulting in flaccid myo paralysis
-Effect: maintaining controlled ventilation during surgical procedures; endotracheal intubation (short-acting); to reduce myo contraction in surgical area; diagnostic drug for myasthenia gravis
-Adverse effect: few if used correctls; may cause hypotension, tachycardia
PANCURONIUM
(PAVULON)
-Classification: nondepolarizing NMBD
-MOA: skeletal myo relaxation
-Effect: maintaining controlled ventilation during surgical procedures; endotracheal intubation (short-acting); to reduce myo contraction in surgical area; diagnostic drug for myasthenia gravis
-Adverse effect: few if used correctls; may cause hypotension, tachycardia
BACLOFEN
(LIORESAL)
-Classification: myo relaxant
-MOA:inhibits reflexes at the spinal level
-Effects: decreased myo spasticity
-SE: dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; weakness; confusion; nausea; constipation; euphoria; lightheadedness
CYCLOBENZAPRINE
(FLEXERIL)
-Classification: skeletal myo relaxant
-MOA: reduces tonic somatic myo activity at the level of the brainstem
-Effect: reduction in myo spasm and hyperactivity without loss of function
-SE: dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; confusion; nervousness; dry mouth; blurred vision; constipation; nausea; urinary retention
DANTROLENE
(DANTRIUM)
-Classification: skeletal myo relaxant
-MOA: acts directly on skeletal myo, causieng relxation by decreasing calcium releast from sarcoplasmic reticulum in myo cells
-Effect: Reductin fo myo spasticity; prevention of malignant hyperthermia
-SE: drowsiness; myo weakness; confusion; dizziness; nervousness; malaise; changes in BP; tachycardia; diarrhea; vomiting; impotence
EPINEPHRINE
(ADRENALIN)
-Classification: adrenergic agonist
-MOA:mimic effect of SNS; increase HR, force of contraction, av conduction; bronchodilation; vasoconstriction; mydriasis; decreased uterine contraction
-SE: HTN; tachycardia; cardiac dysrhythmias; angina; urinary retention; CNS excitability; nervousness; termors; insomnia; hyperglycemia; extravasation
PHENYLEPHRINE
(NEO-SYNEPHRINE)
-Classification: decongestant
-MOA: vasoconstriction
-SE: HTN; tachycardia; cardiac dysrhythmias; angina; urinary retention; CNS excitability; nervousness; termors; insomnia; hyperglycemia; extravasation
DOBUTAMINE
(DOBUTREX)
-Classification: adrenergic
-MOA: stimulates B1 adrenergic receptors with relatively minor effect on HR
-SE: HTN; tachycardia; cardiac dysrhythmias; angina; urinary retention; CNS excitability; nervousness; termors; insomnia; hyperglycemia; extravasation
ALBUTEROL
(PROVENTIL, VENTOLIN)
-Classification: bronchodilator
-MOA: binds to B2 receptors in airway smooth myo
SE: HTN; tachycardia; cardiac dysrhythmias; angina; urinary retention; CNS excitability; nervousness; termors; insomnia; hyperglycemia; extravasation
CLONIDINE
(CATAPRES)
-Classification: centrally acting alpha 2 agonist
-MOA: selective activation of alpha 2 receptors in the CNS; blocks outflow of sympathetic outflow
-Effect: antihypertension
-SE: bradycardia; decreased blood pressure; dry mouth
TAMSULOSIN
(FLOMAX)
-Classification: alpha blocker
-MOA: vasodilation
-SE: orthostatic hypotension; reflex tachycardiadizziness; nasal congestion; impotence
DOXASOZIN
(CARDURA)
-Classification: antihypertensive
-MOA: vasodilation
-SE: orthostatic hypotension; reflex tachycardiadizziness; nasal congestion; impotence
PROPANOLOL
(INDERAL)
-Classification: antianginal; antihypertensive
-MOA: decreased cardiac stimulation; blocks dilation of cerebral arteries
-SE: orthostatic hypotension; reflex tachycardiadizziness; nasal congestion; impotence
NEOSIGMINE BROMIDE
(PROSTIGMNIN)
-Classification: antimyasthenic
-MOA: inhibits acetylcholinesterase which increases level of ACH
-Use: myasthenia gravis
-SE: urinary incontinence; flushing/diaphoresis; blurred vision; muscular tremors; bradycardia/hypotension; bronchoconstriction; cholinergic crisis; myo weakness
BETHANECHOL
(URECHOLINE)
MEMANTINE
(NAMENDA)
-Classification: direct acting cholinergic agonist
-MOA: mimic effect of PNS; increase myo contraction of bladder and bowel; relaxes bladder and rectal sphincters; pupil constriciton; decreases intraoccular pressure
-Use: paralytic ilius; post-op urinary retention; abdominal distention; antidote for anticholinergic poisoning; narrow angle glaucoma; alzheimer's disease
-SE: urinary incontinence; flushing/diaphoresis; blurred vision; muscular tremors; bradycardia/hypotension; bronchoconstriction; cholinergic crisis; myo weakness
ATROPINE
-Classification: anticholinergic
-MOA: competes with ACH at the muscarinic receptors and decreases PNS activity; decreases salivary/bronchial secretions; decreases GI motility; increases HR; inhibits urinary peristalisis; pupil dilation
-Use: parkinson's; pre-op; IBS; urinary incontinence; motion sickness; heart block; occular exam; cholinergic crisis; chronic lung disease; antidote for nerve poisoning
-SE: dry mouth; drowsiness; constipation; urinary retention; tachycardia; hot, dry, flushed skin; confusion; increased intraoccular pressure; blurred vision; respiratory arrest
DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)
ALPRAZOLAM (XANAX)
LORAZEPAM (ATAVAN)
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM)
CLONAZEPAM (KLONOPIN)
-Classification: benzodiazepine
-MOA: receptor agonist of GABA
-Pharmocokinetic: highly lipid soluble; highly protein bound
-Use: anxiety disorders; sedation; balanced anashesia; alcohol withdrawal; seizure disorder; acute seizure activity
-SE: sedation; tolerance; hypotension (drop 20 mm Hg); withdrawal; dry mouth; physical dependency
ZOLPIDEM
(AMBIEN)
-Classification: sedative/hypnotic
-MOA: CNS depression by binding to GABA receptors
-Use: insomnia
-SE: daytime drowsiness; NVD; dizziness
CLONAZEPAM (KLONOPIN)
FOSPHENYTOIN (CEREBYX)
PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN)
PHENOBARBITAL (LUMINAL)
CARBAMAZEPINE (TEGRETOL)
(NEURONTIN, LAMICTAL, KEPPRA, VALPROIC ACID)
-Classification: antiseizure drugs
-MOA: suppression of Na or Ca influx across cell; GABA drugs raise brain level of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA; work to raise seizure threshold
-Use: acute seizure
-SE: drowsiness; double vision; NVD; lymphadenopathy; orange urine; gingival hyperplasia (Dilantin); teratogenicity; blood dyscrasias; Stevens Johnson syndrome