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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is biopsychology?
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how biology influences actions
nervous system: receives info from the outside world, processes it, then responds |
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What types of cells make up the nervous system?
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-Nuerons-which process, store, transmit info, electrical and chemical processes and rapid response
-Glia cells which support, nutrition, myelin, and thinking. |
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Know structures of neuron and their functions and the characteristics of action potentials. Know how information typically flows through the neuron.
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Dendrites
Cell body/Soma Axon Myelin sheath Terminal buttons Synapse Action Potentials Receptor Post-Synaptic Potential Neural Networks |
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Know the nuerotransmitters we covered?
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-Small Molecules
Acetycholine (ACH)- Alzheimer's, memory, movement Norepinephrine (NE)- depression, alertness, mood, stress response. Serotonin (5-HT)- agression, mood, depression, impulse control Dopamine (DA)- Parkinson's, schizophrenia, movement, reward, pleasure Gaba- epilepsy, inhibitory, anxiety Glutamate (Glu)- cell death in strokes, excitatory, memory -Peptides endorphins-related to pain perception -Gases nitric oxide-viagra enhances this |
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Know various divisions, subdivisions, and structures of the nervous system and their functions. For instance…
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Peripheral Nervous System- all the neurons outside the CNS-nerves, sensory neurons, motor neurons (communicate with rest of body)
Central Nervous System-brain, spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System
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-Bringing info to CNS, connects CNS to limbs and organs-conveys sensory infro to CNS and motor command from CNS
-Somatic Division:conscious decisions, voluntary movements -Autonomic Division: (happens automatically, we can't control it): unconsciously perceived sensations -internal organs -Sympathetic Nervous System- fight or flight -Parasympathetic- rest and digest |
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Central Nervous System
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- spinal cord- carries messages between brain and body. Responsible for reflexes
- brain: hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain |
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What structures are included in the hindbrain and what are their functions?
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(hindbrain responsible for vital functions)
-medulla: heartrate, breathing -pons (how alert are you) relay, arousal, breathing -reticular formation- attention, sleep-wake cycle -cerebellum-balance, movement, learning-tells brain what to expect |
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What is the spinal cord?
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Senses and reflexes on the body and carries them into the brain
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What is the brain stem and what does it do? What structures does it include?
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-Ajoins the spinal cord and the brain.
-It regulates the nervous system, maintains consciousness, regulates sleep cycle. It includes the hindbrain and the midbrain. |
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What are some of the basic features of the forebrain
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-Regulates complex actions
-Cerebral hemispheres (left and right hemispheres) -Corpus Callosum- millions of axons-connects left and right hems, allows them to communicate -Paired Structures -Thalamus- all sensory info except smell go through thalamus -Hypothalamus- eating, drinking, sleep, sex autonomic endocrine control motivation and maintenance -Limbic System- group of structure involved in emotion and memory hippocampus (memory) amygdala- emotional significance of stimuli (processing and memory of emotional reactions) |
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What is the cerebral cortex and what are its characteristics?
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-brains outer layer
-increases amount of surface area to fit and folds -higher level functions -lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
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Know lobes of the brain and the characteristics of the areas we covered within each (i.e., somatosensory cortex, prefrontal cortex, etc).
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Frontal
-Prefontal cortex: complex thoughts, regulation emotions, planning, inhibiton Phineas Gage: spike throught the prefrontal cortex -Motor Cortex: voluntary movements controlateral contol: voluntary movements such as planning and control -Contralateral Control-left side of brain controls right side of body and vise versa. Homunculus: human figure that represents how much is dedicated to each body part Parietal Lobes -Somatosensory/ cortex- touch, temperature, body position, and pain -contrlateral input: when you feel something on the right side of brain it goes to left side of brain -homunculus Temporal Lobes- complex and visual analysis -Auditory cortex-receives info from ears about sound -Facial recognition -Amygdala, hippocampus Occipital -Visual Cortex |
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What is association cortex?
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-integrates info senses
-language, facial recognition -Aphasia: when associate area is damaged= trouble producing or understanding language |
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What is the difference between Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasias?
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Broca’s aphasia is in the left frontal area- patients are expressive and nonfluent.
Wernicke’s aphasia is in the left temporal- patients are receptive and fluent. |
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What is meant by lateralization?
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Lateralization is when an action is primarily on one side of the brain. No function is completely lateralized.
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What has happened to split-brain patients? How does their condition relate to lateralization?
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Split-brain patients had their corpus callosum cut and have the left and right breain working independatnly from one another.
Left visual field, right hemisphere, left hand Right visual field. Left hemisphere, right hand |
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What is meant by plasticity? How does environment affect the brain?
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Plasticity is the idea that the brain can change due to experiences.
Environment and experiences alter synaptic connections. |
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What is phantom limb syndrome and what accounts for it?
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Phantom lumb syndrome is when a person had lost a limb but they still feel it.
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What happens when one hemisphere is removed in a child?
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When one hemisphere is removed in a child it is easy for them to reorganize the brain.
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What is the endocrine system?
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The endocrine system is glands that secrete hormones into the body.
Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Other Glands Target Gland Feedback System- monitors levels of hormones. |
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What is the endocrine system?
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The endocrine system is glands that secrete hormones into the body.
Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Other Glands Target Gland Feedback System- monitors levels of hormones. |
