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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the eye piece for?
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looking through a microscope onto the specimen |
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What is the magnification of an Ocular lens
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10x
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What is an Ocular lens
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A microscope with one eye piece
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What is the nose piece used for?
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to carry 3 objective lens
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What is the arm used for?
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for holding
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What is the Stage used for?
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To carry the slide
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What is Stage Clips used for
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to hold the slide in position
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Slides can come which two ways
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Plain or Prepared
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What is a specimen
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A sample for medical testing, object were looking at through the lens
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Objective lens are?
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The lens nearest the object being view. |
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What are the three magnifications of the lenses?
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4x, 10x, 40x 10x lowest magnifying power 40x highest magnifying power |
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What is a compound microscope?
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A microscope with 2 lenses
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What's Oil Immersion?
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Magnification of 100x
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What is Total Magnification?
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the product (x) of magnification of ocular lens and the objective lens.
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What do the condenser and diaphragm do?
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adjust the amount of light that passes through the specimen. establish brightness eveness
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The lamp is a?
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light source
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what does the coarse adjustment knob do?
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goes up and down
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What does the fine adjustment do?
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Approve contrast and make image sharp
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what is Working Distance?
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the distance between objective lens and specimen
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what are the parts of elimination?
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lamp, condenser, and diaphragm
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The 6 steps of the scientific method?
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Observation problem Identification hypothesis test/experiment results draw conclusion |
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The 4 basic organic compounds?
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Carbohydrate Protein lipids nucleic acids |
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Carbohydrates are?
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Sugars |
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3 types of sugars?
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Monosacharides disacharides polysacharides |
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4 types of monosaccharides?
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Glucose fructose rribose galactose |
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3 types of disaccharides?
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Sucrose maltose lactose |
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2 types of polysacharides
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starch glycogen |
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Starch is the
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Polysaccharide of plants
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What are Amino Acids? And what are they made of?
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Amino acids are the building blocks of life and they're made of Proteins
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Lipids are? And what are they made of?
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Fatty Acids and glycerol
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what are nucleic acids made of?
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nucleotides
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What is the test for carbohydrates and what color will it give?
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benedict, orange
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The Iodine test and positive color
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starch, blueish black
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Biuret test and positive color?
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protein, purple or violent
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Sudan IV test and positive color?
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Lipids, reddish/pink
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What does the stereomicroscope view?
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surface and 3 dimensions
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Compound light microscope view?
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extreme thin objects
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what is the miniscus
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lowest margin of water level
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the protoplasm is?
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The living substance of a cell
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water boils at?
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212 F 100 C |
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water freezes at
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32 F 0 C |
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Concave?
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having a depressed or hallow surface
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Convex?
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having an outline or surface curved like the inside of a circle or sphere
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Focusing?
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adapting to the light and becoming able to see
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Lens
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glass or transparent substance for light rays
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Macroscopic?
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visible naked (human) eye
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Microscopic?
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so small only visible with a microscope
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Opaque?
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cant see through it
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Parfocal?
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a lens that stays in focus as the magnification changes.
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Plane? |
a flat surface where a straight line joining any to points would lie
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Resolution?
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the shortest distance between two points
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Translucent?
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allowing light but not detailed images to pass through
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Transparent?
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allowing enough light so that objects can be seen distinctly
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Dissecting Microscope?
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light reflect from the surface onto the object not passing through the object
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Scanning Objective?
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4x magnifying power
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Illumination
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to give something light
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Inclination Joint?
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Allows the microscope to tilt
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Cover Slip?
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a small thin piece of glass used to cover the slide and the specimen
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Cell Theory?
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All living things are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic living unit of life, all cells come from preexisting cells
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All cells have?
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a plasma membrane, DNA, and a cytoplasm.
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Eukaryotic means?
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have a nucleus
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Prokaryotic?
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before Nucleus, only bacteria
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cytoplasm?
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the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, an various particles.
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Golgi complex?
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in eukaryotic, to process proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell.
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Lysosome?
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remove waste
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mitochondria?
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the powerhouse, breaks down nutrients, cellular respiration.
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Nuclear envelope?
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surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane.
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nucleolus?
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to rewrite RNA and combine it with proteins
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Nucleus?
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contains DNA
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Ribesomes?
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Makes proteins
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Rough ER?
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has ribosomes attached to the surface
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Smooth ER?
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protein molecules are synthesized
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Vacuole?
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in plants and fungal, filled with both inorganic and organic molecules, and water.
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Active is?
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energy in form of ATP
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Diffusion?
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The tendency of molecules and ions to scatter until uniform distribution
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Osmosis?
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The diffusion of water molecules through a differentially permeable membrane
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Enzymes are?
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biological catalyst
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Oxidation?
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catechol to quinone, because hydrogen is removed from the catechol.
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Reduction?
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the addition of hydrogen to a molecule.
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Ethanol Fermentation?
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ATP generating process, occurs in the cytoplasm
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C6 H12 O6 is what?
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glucose
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2CO2 is
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carbon dioxide
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2C2 H5 OH5 is
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ethanols plus 2 ATP
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When humans ferment they produce?
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lactate
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Cellular Respiration involves?
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the complete breakdown of glucose or fatty acid to carbon dioxide and water.
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Anaerobic?
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yeast and some bacteria
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Aerobic with 36 or 38 ATP
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is for most organisms
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Photosynthesis?
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plants trap solar energy and use it in transforming water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates
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Mitosis?
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resulting in the production of two daughter cells from ne single cell.
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Stages of Mitosis?
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Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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the spindle is?
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a structure that appears and brings about an orderly distribution of chromosomes to the daughter cell nuclei.
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Meiosis?
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is a form of nuclear division in which the chromosomes number is reduced by half.
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Homologues?
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is what a diploid nucleus contains
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Synapsis?
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Homologues line up next to one another
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Crossing-Over?
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when the homologues pair exchange genetic material
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Prophase 1?
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the airing of homologues
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Metpahase 1?
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position at metaphase plae in the middle
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Anaphase 1?
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separate the homologues, move toward opposite ends
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Telophase 1?
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the chromosomes are at the pole
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Interkinesis?
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the period between meiosis and meiosis 2`
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Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes and fertilization
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restores number of chromosomes
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Deletion?
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The chromosome is shorter than usual because some portion is missing
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Duplication?
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The chromosome is longer than usual because some portion is present twice over
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Inversion?
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The chromosome is normal in length but some portion runs in the opposite direction.
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Translocation?
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Two chromosomes have switched portions and each switched portion on the wrong chromosome. tRNA
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Transcription?
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messenger RNA
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a Codon?
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every 3 bases in mRNA
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